Management (ch_2) Flashcards
(19 cards)
What does ““The Omnipotent View” say?
Managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure.
The performanse of organizations is determined by its managers.
What does ““The Symbolic View” say?
The ability of managers to affect outcomes is influenced and constrained by external factors:
The economy, customers, government policies, competitors etc.
What is managerial discretion?
Coherent, rational, unified decisions executed by managers to achieve organizational development
What is Organizational Culture?
A system of shared meanings and beliefs held by organizational members that determines, to a large degree, how they act towards each other and outsiders. Values, symbols, rituals, myths, & practices that have evolved over time.
Name 5 dimensions of organizational culture.
1) Attention to detail
2) Outcome orientation
3) People orientation
4) Team orientation
5) Aggressiveness
6) Stability
7) Innovation and Risk Taking
What determines a strong organizational culture?
- Key values are deeply held and widely shared
- Strong influence on organizational members
What determines a weak organizational culture?
- It is not clear what important and what is not (lack of clarity)
- Culture is unlikely to greatly influence managers
What are the advantages and disadvantages of strong organizational cultures?
Advantages: - Employees are more loyal - High organizational performance Disadvantages: - Employees are prevented from trying new approaches, especially when conditions change rapidly
Which organizational culture is dominant?
The one that expresses core values of the majority of the organization’s members and which gives the organization its distinct personality.
Which organizational culture is subculture?
The one that includes the core values of the dominant culture + additional values that are unique to the members of the sublculture. A subculture is usually defined by department designations and geographical separation.
Who forms the organization’s culture?
It’s formed by the vision and mission of its founder.
How the organization’s culture develops?
It’s passed on and gets modified based on macroenvironmental factors.
How employees learn the organization’s culture?
Through stories, rituals, material artefacts and symbols, language (jargon, acronyms etc.)
How culture affects managers?
- It recognizes managerial actions as proper or improper
- It decides which organizational activities are encourages
- It determines the overall strength or weakness of the organizational culture
Name 3 characteristics of Customer-Responsive Culture.
1) Outgoing and friendly employees
2) Good listening skills
3) Role clarity
What is “The External environment”?
The forces and institutions outside the organization that potentially can affect the organization’s performance.
Name 6 components of The External Environment.
- Political/Legal (federal, provincial and local laws)
- Demographics (trends in age, gender, education level)
- Economic (inflation, stock market fluctuations)
- Sociocultural (traditions, lifestyles)
- Technological (scientific or industrial innovations)
- Natural Environment (climate, weather)
How The External Environment affects managers?
- Impact on jobs and employment (the types of jobs available, how those jobs are created and managed)
- Environmental uncertainty (degree of change and the complexity in an organization’s environment)
- Environmental complexity (how many components in the organization’s environment, the extent of the organization’s knowledge about those components)
- Stakeholder relationships
Who is a stakeholder?
In a corporation, a stakeholder is a member of “groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist”
