Managing IOS Images

Question 1

Where does IOS store the running-config?

Answer 1

NVRAM

Question 2

What are the 5 types of file systems on a router?

Answer 2

Opaque, Network, Disk, Usbflash and NVRAM

Question 3

What command displays the contents of a file?

Answer 3

more

Question 4

Where is the IOS image stored on a router?

Answer 4

Permanent flash

Question 5

What does the command ‘show flash’ display?

Answer 5

IOS Image, image size, bytes available and bytes used.

Question 6

What does the command ‘dir flash0:’ display?

Answer 6

IOS image, image size, bytes total and bytes free.

Question 7

What command checks the integrity of a downloaded IOS?

Answer 7

verify /md5 flash0:

Question 8

What file transfer protocols can be used to copy and IOS image to a router?

Answer 8

TFTP, FTP, SCP

Question 9

What commands allow you to store FTP username and password on a router?

Answer 9

ip ftp username

ip ftp password

Question 10

What is the command to FTP a file to the router?

Answer 10

copy ftp://:@/ flash

Question 11

What is required to configure a router as an SCP server?

Answer 11

configure local authentication including privilege 15
configure a domain name (i.e. domain.com>
cmd ‘crypto key generate rsa’
cmd ‘ip ssh version 2’
cmd ‘ip scp server enable’

Question 12

What 4 steps does a router go through when powered on?

Answer 12

1.) POST to discover and test hardware
2.) Copies bootstrap program from ROM into RAM and
runs it.
3.) Bootstrap decide which IOS to load, loads it, and
then hands control over to newly loaded OS.
4.) IOS finds startup-config and loads it into RAM.

Question 13

What does ‘config-register 2100’ do?

Answer 13

Loads ROMMON next time router is reloaded.

Question 14

What is the default config-register setting and what does it do?

Answer 14

• 2102
• console speed set to 9600
• load an IOS image (not rommon)

Question 15

How does a router decide which IOS to load?

Answer 15

• boot field (last digit in the config register)

* cmd ‘boot system’ in the startup-config

Question 16

What does ‘config-register 2101’ do?

Answer 16

Loads the first IOS image in flash.

Question 17

What does ‘config-register 2102 thru F’ do?

Answer 17

Try each ‘boot system’ cmd in startup-config until one works. If none work then load first IOS in flash.

Question 18

What does a router do if no IOS images will load or can be found?

Answer 18

Loads rommon.

Question 19

What are the steps for password recovery?

Answer 19

1.) Reboot the router pressing BREAK during startup to
enter rommon mode.
2.) From rommon mode set config-register using cmd
‘confreg 2142’ to ignore startup-config on next
restart.
3.) Reboot the router again loading normal IOS but
without loading the startup-config file.
4.) Enter ‘enable’ mode.
5.) Enter ‘copy startup-config running-config’
6.) Enter ‘config t’ and change passwords.
7.) Change config-register back to 2102
8.) Enter ‘copy running-config startup-config’

Question 20

How do you restore a backup configuration file?

Answer 20

copy tftp startup-config

then reload the router.

Question 21

How do you set up a device to archive?

Answer 21

R1#config t
R1#(config)#archive
R1(config-archive)#path ftp:// wendell:odom@192.168.1.170/
R1(config-archive)#time-period 1440
R1(config-archive)#write-memory (backs up when copy run start)
R1(config-archive)#^ Z

Question 22

What command is used to restore an archived config?

Answer 22

cmd ‘configure replace’

Question 23

What command deletes a configuration file

Answer 23

cmd ‘erase nvram:’