MARKERS

Question 1

BRC-ABL

Answer 1

Oncogene: CML, ALL, tyrosine kinase

Question 2

bcl-2

Answer 2

Oncogene: Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas; anti-apoptotic moleculre

Question 3

BRAF

Answer 3

Oncogene, melanoma, Serone/threonin kinase

Question 4

c-kit

Answer 4

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, oncogene, Cytokine receptor

Question 5

c-myc

Answer 5

Burkitt lymphoma, transcription factor

Question 6

HER2/neu

Answer 6

breast, ovarian, gastric carcinoma with tyrosine kinase

Question 7

L-myc

Answer 7

Lung tumor; transcription factor

Question 8

N-myc

Answer 8

Neuroblastoma: transcription factor

Question 9

ras

Answer 9

colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic

GTPase

Question 10

ret

Answer 10

MEN 2A and 2B; Tryosine kinase

Question 11

APC
BRCA1
BRACA2

Answer 11

APC = colorectal
BRCA1 = breast and ovarian
BRCA2- breast and ovarian

Question 12

CPD4/SMAD4

Answer 12

Pancreatic cancer makes DPC or Deleated in Pancreatic Cancer

Question 13

DCC

Answer 13

Colon cancer: Deleated in Colon Cancer

Question 14

p16

Answer 14

Melanoma; cyclcin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

Question 15

PTEn

Answer 15

breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial

Question 16

Rb

Answer 16

retinoblastoma and Osteosarcoma: inhibits EF2 to stop G1–> S

Question 17

TSC1

TSC2

Answer 17

both Tuberous sclerosis
1 = hamartin protein
2=Tuberin protein

Question 18

Elevated Alk Phos is indication for

Answer 18

Metastases to bone or liver, Paget disease of bone, seminoma (placental ALP).

Question 19

α-fetoprotein

Answer 19

Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, mixed germ cell tumor.
*Normally made by fetus. Transiently elevated in pregnancy; high levels associated with neural tube and abdominal wall defects, low levels associated with Down syndrome.

Question 20

β-hCG

Answer 20

Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (Gestational trophoblastic disease), testicular cancer, mixed germ cell tumor.
*produced by syncytiotrophoblasts of the placenta.

Question 21

Elevated CA-15-3/CA-27-29

Answer 21

Breast cancer

Question 22

Elevated CA-19-9

Answer 22

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 23

Elevated CA-125

Answer 23

Ovarian cancer

Question 24

Elevated CEA

Answer 24

Carcino Embryonic Antigen.
Very nonspecific but produced by ∼ 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers; also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Question 25

EBV causes what cancer

Answer 25

Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 1° CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised patients)

Question 26

Infection with HBV, HCV

Answer 26

HCC increases

Question 27

Infection HHV-8

Answer 27

Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 28

HPV infection

Answer 28

Cervical and penile/anal carcinoma (types 16, 18), head and neck cancer

Question 29

H.pylori infection

Answer 29

Gatric adenocarcinoma and MALT oma

Question 30

HTLV-1

Answer 30

associated with adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma

Question 31

Liver fluke: Clonorchis Sinensis

Answer 31

Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 32

Schistosoma haematobium

Answer 32

Bladder Cancer

Question 33

What neosplasms release 1,25 OH2, D3 resulting in Hypercalcemia

Answer 33

Hodgkin lymphoma, and some non

Question 34

What neoplasms result in Paraneoplastic release of ACTH causing Cushing sydnrome

Answer 34

Small cell lung

Question 35

What neoplasm causes paraneoplastic release of ADH leading to SIADH

Answer 35

Small cell lung and Intracranial neoplasms

Question 36

What neoplasm release antiB to presynaptic Ca++ at the NMJ resulting in Lambert Eaton

Answer 36

Small Cell lung

Question 37

What neoplasm releases EPO causing Polycythemia?

Answer 37

RCC, Thymoma, Hemangioblastoma, HCC, Leiomyoma, Pheocromocytoma

Question 38

What malignancy releases PTHrP causing hypercalcemia?

Answer 38

Squamous cell lung, RCC or breast

Question 39

What shit has Psammoma bodies?

Answer 39

PSaMMoma: Papillary carc of thyroid, Serious papillary cystadenocarcinom of ovary, Meningioma, Malignant mesothelioma

Question 40

What tumors will Met to the BRAIN?

Answer 40

Lung> Breast > Genitourinary>Osteosarcoma; often multiple and well circumscribed

Question 41

What tumors with MET to the LIVER

Answer 41

Colon >> Stomach> pancrease

Question 42

What tumors with MET to the BONE

Answer 42

Prostate or Breast >lung>thyroid; more common then primary bone tumor