MASSAGE TECHNIQUES & MYOFASCIAL RELEASE

Question 1

T or F

1. It is our body’s natural reaction to PAT it when it hurts.
2. Massage dates back to at least the OLYMPICS
3. The church of GREECE in the middle ages discouraged massage as a medical practice.

Answer 1

1. F; pat → rub
2. T
3. F; Greece → Rome

Question 2

He is acknowledged to be the founder of curative gymnastics and appears to be founder of modern day massage techniques, incorporated with French massage techniques.

Answer 2

Peter Ling

Question 3

FILL in the BLANKS

Massage is derived from 2
sources:
1. Arabic verb ______ - “to touch”
2. Greek word massein - “to _____”

Answer 3

1. mass

2. knead

Question 4

T or F

1. MASSAGE is a mechanical modality used to manipulate the body’s tissue.
2. MASSAGE THERAPY is a term use to signify a group of systemic and scientific manipulations of body tissues that are best performed with the hands.

Answer 4

1. F; massage → massage therapy

2. F; massage therapy → massage

Question 5

FILL in the BLANKS

Depending on the amount of pressure applied & the speed of the stroke, massage can evoke _________ and _______ blood flow to the area.

Answer 5

Systemic relaxation & increase

Question 6

T or F

When performed properly massage can increase venous & lymphatic flow, preventing EDEMA. Massage also reduces pain.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

T or F

Deep friction or vigorous massage was thought to produce vascular changes such as INCREASED heart rate, breathing rate, & blood pressure, if the purpose is for inducing system relaxation.

Answer 7

F; increased → decreased

Question 8

Techniques that stretch a muscle, elongate fascia, or mobilize soft-tissue adhesion or restrictions.

Answer 8

Mechanical Techniques

Question 9

T or F

1. As mechanical stimulus becomes more effective, reflex stimulus becomes LESS effective.
2. Massage has been shown to increase skin temperature, increase sweating & DECREASE resistance to electrical current.

Answer 9

1. T

2. T

Question 10

It has been shown to toughen yet soften the skin, remove dead cells, and stretches/breaks down fibrous tissue.

Answer 10

Massage

Question 11

T or F

Massage is known to REDUCE patient anxiety, depression, & mental stress.

Answer 11

T

Question 12

The four basic massage strokes as originally described by the French:

Answer 12

1. Effleurage
2. Petrissage
3. Friction Massage
4. Tapotement

Question 13

1. Involves GLIDING the palms, fingertips, and/or thumbs over the skin in a rhythmic CIRCULAR pattern with varying degrees of pressure.
2. Uses rhythmic alternating contact of varying pressure between the hands and the body’s soft tissue.

Answer 13

1. Effleurage

2. Tapotement/Percussion

Question 14

1. The tissue is grasped from the underlying skeletal
   structures, lifted, and massaged. This massage techniques is also known as “kneading massage.”
2. A circular, longitudinal, or transverse pressure applied by the fingers, thumb, or hypothenar region of the hand to small areas.
3. A massage that is performed perpendicular to the fibers and was used extensively during the time of Cyriax

Answer 14

1. Petrissage
2. Friction Massage
3. Cross-friction massage

Question 15

T or F

1. The goal of FRICTION massage is to break down
   adhesion in scar tissue, loosen ligaments, and
   disable trigger points.
2. Deep PETRISSAGE improves flexibility but has little reduction in muscle fatigue when performing between exercise

Answer 15

1. T

2. F; Petrissage → Effleurage

Question 16

This involves circular movements of one hand superimposed on the other. The finger pads and thumb compress tissue and distract it from the deeper underlying structures.

Answer 16

Kneading

Question 17

It resembles picking up, except that once tissue is grasped, one hand pushes while the other one pulls, creating a shearing-type force in the tissue planes.

Answer 17

Wringing

Question 18

This involves grabbing a small amount of tissue between the finger pads and thumb, and rolling the tissue as if moving a small object under the skin.

Answer 18

Rolling

Question 19

It is a technique in which the tissue is grabbed and vigorously shaken between the hands. The hands are then re-positioned along the course of the muscle being treated.

Answer 19

Shaking

Question 20

This involves using the ulnar aspect of the hands to
alternately strike the body tissues. These rapid
strokes at 2 to 6 Hz are delivered in a sequential
pattern along the entire region to be treated.

Answer 20

Hacking (Percussion)

Question 21

It involves the use of a cupped palm, which is percussed against the chest wall. This technique is frequently used to loosen secretions in disease processes such as cystic fibrosis.

Answer 21

Cupping (Percussion)

Question 22

This involves using a clenched fist to repetitively

pummel the tissue. It is a very aggressive type of tapotement and is not frequently used.

Answer 22

Beating (Percussion)

Question 23

The finger pads strike the underlying tissue in rapid succession. This technique is frequently used over the sinuses to loosen secretions.

Answer 23

Tapping (Percussion)

Question 24

1. This treatment method was developed by Milton Tager, MD, in the 1940s.
2. This technique combines the use of gentle hands on tissue work and reintegration of movement through reeducation and relaxation exercises.

Answer 24

1. Tager Psychologic Integration

2. Tager Psychologic Integration.

Question 25

The movement component of the Tager technique is coined “______,” which is a combination of mental, psychology, and gymnastic elements, and focuses on making movements lighter and easier.

Answer 25

Mentastics

Question 26

1. His approach centers on balance between head and neck movement “primary control,” and a state of dynamic postures and breathing exercises. 2. Emphasizes on multiple repetitions to lay down new neuromuscular patterns, and considers the entire body, even in the simplest of movements.

Answer 26

1. F.M. Alexander (1869 to 1955) | 2. Feldenkrais (Feldenkrais Pattern)

Question 27

T or F 1. Rolf saw GRAVITY as one of the primary causes of dysfunction. The primary tenet of her structural integration system was to help clients achieve proper vertical alignment and efficient movement. 2. The typical regimen of Rolfing Structural Integration consists of a series of ten 40-to-100-minute sessions.

Answer 27

1. T | 2. F; 40-to-100-minute sessions → 60-to-90-minute sessions

Question 28

The term myofascial release was coined by ________ in the 1960s and further developed by __________.

Answer 28

Robert Ward D.O. & John Barnes, PT. respectively

Question 29

1. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) was developed in Europe in the 1930s by Danish physiotherapists ____________ as a technique to control post-mastectomy lymph-edema. 2. The typical session of MLD lasts __________.

Answer 29

1. Estrid and Emil Vodder | 2. 45 to 60 minutes

Question 30

1. It has been defined as digital pressure performed in a circular motion to treat areas that are typically treated with acupuncture needles and for the same reason. 2. This technique was initially practiced by visually impaired clinicians. Pressure is applied in particular meridians similar to acupuncture. 3. The application of deep circular pressure applied to specific dysfunctional points on the soles of the feet.

Answer 30

1. Acupressure 2. Shiatsu 3. Reflexology

Question 31

This technique can be used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, to decrease postoperative pain, for the treatment of headaches, and to decrease TMJ pain.

Answer 31

Acupressure

Question 32

T or F 1. Place patient in comfortable relaxed position with treatment plan in gravity eliminated position—in which gravity will assist in VENOUS FLOW. 2. All stroking movements are directed PROXIMAL to DISTAL especially for edema. 3. Stroking and kneading may follow FRICTION massage.

Answer 32

1. T 2. F; proximal to distal → distal to proximal 3. T

Question 33

``` Subacute and chronic pain Muscle spasm Superficial scar formation Edema Postural drainage ```

Answer 33

INDICATIONS

Question 34

* Acute inflammation * Acute febrile conditions * Severe atherosclerosis * Severe varicose veins * Phlebitis * Area of recent surgery * Thrombophlebitis

Answer 34

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Question 35

* Cardiac arrhythmia * Malignancy * Hypersensitivity * Severe RA * Hemorrhage in area * Edema secondary to kidney dysfunction * Heart failure venous insufficiency

Answer 35

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Question 36

A single, uninterrupted sheet of tissue that extends from the inner aspects of the skull down to the soles of the feet and from the exterior to the interior of the body, ultimately making up the shape and form of the body itself.

Answer 36

Fascia

Question 37

Fascia is a web-like, 3D MATIRX that intertwines, surrounds, protects and supports every other structures of the human body.

Answer 37

T

Question 38

1. The main fibers within a fascia, along with elastin. It is also the most abundant protein in the body. 2. This provides an elastic quality that allows the connective tissue to stretch to the limit of the collagen fibers’ length while absorbing tensile force.

Answer 38

1. Collagen | 2. Elastin

Question 39

A viscous, gel-like fluid (a polysaccharide gel complex) composed of of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) and proteoglycans that lubricate the fibers and allow them to glide over each other.

Answer 39

Ground substance

Question 40

A form of integrity that is based on a balance between | tension and compression

Answer 40

Tensegrity

Question 41

1. This type of fascia forms a thin layer of tissue beneath the skin, attaching the dermis skin to the underlying tissues. 2. It is tough, tight and compact and contributes to the contour and function of the body.

Answer 41

1. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA | 2. DEEP FASCIA

Question 42

T or F 1. DEEP fascia provides shock absorption, insulation, and space for the accumulation of fluid and metabolites. 2. SUPERFICIAL fascia is loosely knit, consisting of fibroelastic, areolar tissue and contains inflammatory exudates, capillary networks and lymphatic channels. It also stores fat, regulates fluid and causes many tissue texture abnormalities.

Answer 42

1. F; deep → superficial | 2. T

Question 43

T or F 1. DEEP fascia comprises the specialized elements of the peritoneum, pericardium and pleura. 2. SUPERFICIAL fascia has tough, inelastic clefts and septa. It compartmentalizes the entire muscular system, surrounds and separates visceral organs while thickening in response to stress. It also functions posturally to stabilize posture.

Answer 43

1. T | 2. F; superficial → deep

Question 44

This is as described when the fascia shortens, solidifies and thickens in response to trauma, anything physically or emotionally injurious to the body, inflammation and poor posture, causing the body to lose its physiological adaptive capacity.

Answer 44

“BINDING DOWN” OF FASCIA

Question 45

T or F Over time, fascial restrictions insidiously spread like a pull in a sweater or stocking. Flexibility and spontaneity of movement are GAINED, setting up the body for more trauma, pain and movement limitation.

Answer 45

F; gained → lost

Question 46

1. A fall, blow, cut or burn as well as when the body systems become dysfunctional for one reason or another. 2. This creates an imbalance in cellular fluids and possible cell death from lack of oxygen resulting in scar formation and fascial adhesions.

Answer 46

1. Injury or trauma (anything physical or emotional) | 2. Inflammatory processes (to injury, a medical condition or the side effects from medication)

Question 47

T or F When fascia is consistently overloaded from supporting a position in space (standing, seated or lying), it has to BIND DOWN to support the pressure imposed on it.

Answer 47

T

Question 48

This is a treatment approach, a therapy and a rehabilitation tool. It is a hands-on therapy, meaning that the therapist applies pressure with the hands onto, and into, the client’s body.

Answer 48

Myofascial release

Question 49

He played a major role in myofascial therapy and has pioneered a sustained pressure MFR approach that is now being recognized by scientific research.

Answer 49

John F. Barnes

Question 50

1. It uses the feel and rhythm of the body and ultimately the fascial system as an indicator of fluidity and restriction. 2. The spontaneous movement or twitching anywhere in the client’s body (local or full body movement).

Answer 50

1. Myofascial REBOUNDING | 2. Myofascial unwinding

Question 51

T or F 1. ARNDT-SCHULTZ LAW states that weak stimuli increase physiological activity and very strong stimuli inhibit or abolish activity, shows that essentially less is more. 2. VIOLET FLARE indicates areas that should be subsequently treated to maximize the results of the therapy.

Answer 51

1. T | 2. F; violet flare → red flare

Question 52

1. The most important, fundamental and commonly used techniques in the MFR approach and form the basis of every other MFR technique. 2. Removes restrictions that may be causing the rotating, torquing and shifting of balancing and supporting structures. 3. A method of holding the tissue at its tissue barrier, waiting for the tissue release to occur, then taking up the available slack in the tissue and leaning in or pushing or gliding the tissue to the next tissue barrier.

Answer 52

1. Cross-hand release 2. LONGITUDINAL PLANE RELEASE 3. COMPRESSION RELEASE