ENVR 2000 > Matter, Energy and Earth Systems > Flashcards

Matter, Energy and Earth Systems Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is the scientific process?

A

The process of testing the ideas of the world by making observations and gathering evidences

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2
Q

What are the three types of approaches?

A

Physics and chemstry - manipulative experiments
Palanteology and astronomy- natural experiments - (comparing diff pop)
Anthropology- observation and statistics - ( quantitative and qualitative analysis, surveys)

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3
Q

Non definitive answers are more frequent when..

A

There are large, complex and many questions

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4
Q

Explain the three types of variables?

A

Independent (variable that is manipulative)
Dependent (variable that is observed)
Controlled ( variable that is observed closely , but it isn’t manipulated)

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5
Q

State the law of conservation of matter

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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6
Q

What is all matter composed of

A

Elements

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7
Q

Decscribe elements

A

Cannot be broken down further
Fundamental blocks of life
Elements gives the chemical substance its set of properties

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8
Q

What is element made of

A

Atoms

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9
Q

What are the parts of atoms

A

Protons neutrons electrons

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10
Q

What is protons

A

The number pf protons determines the atomic number which determines chemical properties , they are positively charged

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11
Q

What is electrons?

A

They are negatively charged particles, and equa
Ize protons

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12
Q

Neutrons?

A

Neutrons makes up the atomic mass
Changes in number of neutrons can lead to isotropes

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13
Q

How are ions formed?

A

An imbalance number of protons and electrons lead to ions

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14
Q

Positive,y charged ions

A

Has more protons then electrons

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15
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Has more electrons then protons

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16
Q

Molecule❓

A

Made of two are more atoms of same element or different element chemically bonded

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17
Q

Compound ❓

A

Compound is made of two or more molecules of same or diff elements l chemically b9nd?😂

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18
Q

Note

A

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds

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19
Q

What is the elixir of life ?

A

Water

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20
Q

State the properties of water

A
  • High heat capacity- takes a higher amount of energy to inc 1degree C= can act as buffers, and stabilize physical systems ( lake , oceans)
  • Ice less dense then water - so that only the top layer of water ( surface of water freezes ) - so life can remain alive in water
  • Strong Cohesion - transport nutrients and water
  • Polar bonding - acts as solvents for many compounds, specially essential for life
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21
Q

What are isotopes?

A

ATOMS of same element with same proton number (atomic number) but different neutron numbers

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22
Q

Same proton number in isotopes?

A

Indicates the element remains same

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23
Q

What is isotropes analysis imp fro

A

To date ancient items
STUDY PREHISTORIC HUMANS
MIGRATION PATTERNS
REBUILD PAST CLIMATES

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24
Q

What are two types of compounds

A

Organic and inorganic

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25
What are organic compounds
26
What are inorganic conpounds
27
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds made of C and Hs almost entirely
28
What are polymers ?
Long chains of repeated particles
29
What are the 5 types of polymers?
Proteins - chains of amino acids folded in a specific way to make proteins and carry out its function Nucleic acids- they are composed of repeating units of nucleic acids to give instructions to make PROTEINS and carry hereditary data/information Carbohydrates- repeated units of sugars - act as fuelling molecule for plants and animals Lipids - made of polymers of hydrocarbons , acts as another fuelling molecule - OILS AND FATS
30
What is a man made polymer
Plastic
31
——- is the building block of envr process and —— is the drivingforce
Matter, energy
32
What is energy ?
Anything that has the capacity to do work
33
What are the two laws of thermodynamics
1st- energy is conserved 2nd- energy nature moves from more ordered ( low entropy ) to less ordered ( high entropy) if no force is applied Energy moves downhill
34
What is the physical property of thermodynamic system?
Entropy
35
What are the two major types of energies?
Kinetic energy and potential energy The energy of movement The energy stored
36
What are the various types of kinetic energy ?
THERMAL- energy of moving particles MECHANIC- energy of objects in motion MAGNETIC - energy of push and pull ELECTRICAL- energy of PARTICLESmoving through a wire
37
What are the various types of potential energy
CHEMICAL P E- energy stored in foods ELASTIC P E- energy stored in stretch object NUCLEUR- energy stored in centre of particles GRAVITATIONAL - energy stored in object that is above the ground
38
Wha are the other 2 major enrgy
Light and sound energy
39
Energy in bonds
At a much smaller scale chemical bonds can have potential energy Converting a molecule from high potential energy to low potential energy The pE is released as KE
40
Autotroph vs photoautotrophs
Autotrophs - make their own energy using sunlight Photo autotroph- converts sun light energy to chemical energy in food
41
Heterotrauphs
Organism cannot make their own food Consumes other to get energy
42
Why is heat released from the earth (geothermal energy)?
Continued cooling after its formation of a firy ball Radiactive decay of materials in earth int
43
Chemoautotrophs
Organism that harness energy from chemical rxns to form organic matter
44
Example of chemoautotrauph
Deep see hydrothermal vent
45
Inner core
Solid made of Fe and Ni (inorganic )
46
Outer layer
Molten
47
Mantle
Thick solid layer which behave as viscous fluid over long geological timescales
48
Crust
Thin solid brittle low density layer on top of mantle
49
Lithosphere
Rocky shell of the planet Also has a portion of the upper mantle Contains tectonic plates dragged over asthenosphere
50
Topography
Shapes geograpgy of oceans and continents
51
Plate boundries
Divergent Transform Convergent
52
Divergent plate boundries
Plates moving apart
53
Transform
Plates moving past each other
54
Convergent
Plates coming together Subduction zone Continental collitssion
55
Subduction xome
More dense Oceanic plate subducts under less dense continental plate
56
Continental collision
Two continental plates lighter then mantle move upwards forming mountain
57
Minerals
A solid compound with well defined chemical comp and structure that occurs naturally
58
Rock
Solid , geolicaLly bulky material , made of variety of diff minerals
59
3types of ricks
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
60
Igneous
Forms after laava cools and solidify
61
Sedimentary
Compaction of sediments From weathering or errosion
62
Metamorphic
Rock that changed appearance , chem prop after immense heat and pressure in earth int
63
Igneous —> metamorphic
Heat and pressure
64
Metamorphic / sedimantary to sediment
Weathering, eerosion , transport deposition
65
Mantle melting
Mantle is a rock with many minerals Upper part of melting = silica rich minerals (silica has lower mp) Melting leads to two phase- Silicic phase - more silicic, less dnse therefore on top Basaltic ohase- less silicic, more dense thereforee on bottom

ENVR 2000 (7 decks)

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