May 12 Flashcards
How can one tell the difference between leukemoid reaction and CML?
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase is decreased in CML and normal or elevated in leukemoid reaction; also the myelocytic bulge (basophilia and eosinophilia)
What are the direct Xa inhibitors?
Rivaroxaban and apixaban
What are the direct thrombin inhibitors?
Argatroban, bivalirudin, dabigatran (among others)
Patient presents with infertility and a h/o chronic pulmonary infections requiring hospitalization and antibiotics. Rectal US shows absent vas deferens, what is the most likely diagnosis?
CF
What enzymes some important require B1?
Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase
The superficial peroneal nerve provides sensation to what region?
Distal anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot
Zinc finger motifs are seen in what type of receptors?
Intracellular receptors that bind steroids, hormones, and fat soluble vitamins act directly as TFs and contain zinc-finger binding domains
What type of receptor is the ADH receptor?
GPCR
What class of antiarrythmics tend to bind inactivated sodium channels, especially in ischemic myocardium?
Class IB
Nitroprusside toxicity can result in what poisoning?
Cyanide
What is the treatment for cyanide toxicity?
Sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, hydroxycobalamin
What is the MOA of sodium nitrite in cyanide toxicity?
Promotes methemoglobin formation which combines with cyanide
What is the MOA of sodium thiosulfate in cyanide poisoning?
Serves as sulfur donor to promote hepatic rhodanese-mediated conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate - excreted in urine
What is the MOA of cyanide poisoning?
Binds Fe3+ in cytC oxidase in ETC of mitochondria; inhibiting ETC
Patient with potential cyanide exposure presents to clinic. What is likely to be seen on venous blood gas and fundoscopy?
Bright red venous blood
