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2024 - Élo - Qbank > Quiz 60 > Flashcards

Quiz 60 Flashcards

1
Q

What is atrophic gastritis?

A

Autoimmune disease associated with pernicious anemia

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2
Q

Hypertrophic gastropathy is also known as what?

A

Menetrier disease

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3
Q

Thickened gastric rugae and hyperplastic mucosa is seen in what disease?

A

Menetrier disease

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4
Q

What gastric disease can result in protein loss?

A

Menetrier disease

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5
Q

Prolactinoma usually presents with what symptoms?

A

Loss of libido/amenorrhea - hypogonadism

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6
Q

Prolactin inhibits what hormones?

A

GnRH

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7
Q

What are early toxic effects of digoxin?

A

Anorexia, nausea and ECG changes

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8
Q

What are later signs of digoxin toxicity?

A

Visual effects (blurred vision, yellow green halos), cardiac arrhythmias

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9
Q

What is cross tolerance?

A

Tolerance to one drug develops as a result of exposure to another (eg alcoholic has cross tolerance to benzos)

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10
Q

What is the MOA midazolam?

A

Potentiates GABA at the GABA-A receptor by increasing the frequency of channel opening

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11
Q

Retinal pallor sparing the macula with hepatosplenomegaly is seen in what disease?

A

Niemann-Pick disease

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12
Q

Niemann-Pick disease is due to a deficiency in what enzyme?

A

Sphingomyelinase

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13
Q

Sphingomyelin accumulation in histiocytes is seen in what disease?

A

Niemann-Pick disease

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14
Q

Progressive neurodegeneration, HSM, with lipid-laden macrophages on biopsy is seen in what disease? What other PE finding may be present?

A

Niemann-Pick disease; cherry-red spot

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15
Q

Zebra bodies are seen in what disease?

A

Lysosomal storage diseases - eg Niemann Pick and Fabry

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16
Q

Niemann-Pick disease is common in what population?

A

Ashkenazi Jews

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17
Q

What does the enzyme separase doe?

A

During anaphase, it degrades cohesin molecules that hold sister chromatids together, resulting in segregation of chromosomes

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18
Q

Berry aneurysms most commonly involve what vessels?

A

Circle of willis - commonly anterior cerebral artery close to the takeoff of the anterior communicating artery

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19
Q

What part of the circle of willis is the 2nd most common location for aneurysms? Symptoms?

A

Posterior communicating artery; will see ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy (mydriasis, ptosis “down and out” eye)

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20
Q

At what age can children start to tell stories and alternate feet going downstairs?

A

Four

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21
Q

At what age does cooperative play begin?

A

Four

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22
Q

At what age does stranger anxiety begin?

A

7 months

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23
Q

At what age does one see separation anxiety?

A

12 months

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24
Q

How many words should a one year old use?

A

10

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25
Q

How many words should be used by age 2?

A

250

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26
Q

How many words should be used by age 3?

A

900

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27
Q

At what age do kids begin asking the meaning of words?

A

Five

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28
Q

How do patients with age related macular degeneration present?

A

Loss of central vision

29
Q

Baby with burnt orange colored urine is seen in what disease?

A

Branched chain ketoaciduria - maple syrup urine disease

30
Q

What is the defective enzyme in maple syrup urine disease?

A

Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

31
Q

What amino acids should be restricted in the diet of a patient with maple syrup urine disease?

A

Leucine, isoleucine, valine

32
Q

Punched out lesions in lower esophagus of a patient with HIV is caused by what organism?

A

Herpes simplex virus

33
Q

Infective esophagitis in immunocompromised patient is most commonly caused by what organism?

A

Herpes simplex virus

34
Q

Punched out ulcers with glassy eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions on esophageal biopsy is caused by what organism?

A

Herpes simplex virus

35
Q

What is seen on a biopsy in a patient with HIV and infective esophagitis due to HSV?

A

Punched out ulcers

36
Q

Patient presents with hypothyroidism, on thyroid biopsy, dense fibrosis and replacement of the thyroid gland with fibrous tissue is seen. What is the disease?

A

Riedel thyroiditis

37
Q

Patient has tender thyroid and was seen a few weeks ago for a viral infection. What is the diagnosis?

A

De Quervain thyroiditis (subacute granulomatous thyroiditis)

38
Q

How does De Quervain thyroiditis present?

A

Painful thyroid after viral infection

39
Q

Why is ICP increased when there is a tumor in the 4th ventricle?

A

Tumor in the 4th ventricle can block flow of CSF

40
Q

What are the symptoms of increased ICP?

A

Bilateral papilledema, nausea/vomiting, nuchal rigidity, mental status changes

41
Q

What is the only lysosomal storage disease that is X linked recessive?

A

Fabry disease

42
Q

Fabry disease is due to absence of what enzyme?

A

Alpha-galactosidase A

43
Q

Young boy presents with burning sensations in the hands (worse with exercise) and small, raised reddish-purple blemishes on the skin. What lysosomal storage disease are you concerned about?

A

Fabry

44
Q

How does acute pancreatitis present?

A

Severe acute abdominal pain that radiates to the back

45
Q

What are predisposing factors to acute pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol and gallstones

46
Q

A deficiency of lipoprotein lipase causes what substance in the blood to be elevated after a fatty meal?

A

Chylomicrons

47
Q

What is starling’s equation?

A

(Pc-Pif) - (oncotic cap - oncotic intersitial)

48
Q

What three basic types of cognitive impairment are seen with ECT?

A

Acute confusion, anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia

49
Q

What is Reye syndrome?

A

Recent viral illness and ASA intake in children

50
Q

What organelle is most affected in Reye syndrome?

A

Mitochondria

51
Q

What type of steatosis is seen in Reye syndrome?

A

Microvesicular steatosis

52
Q

Chiari II malformation is commonly associated with what other defect(s)?

A

Myelomeningocele and syringomyelia

53
Q

What is Chiari II malformation?

A

Downward displacement of cerebellar vermis, tonsils and medulla through the foramen magnum

54
Q

What regions of the brain are commonly affected by Picks disease?

A

Frontal and temporal lobes

55
Q

What are Pick bodies?

A

Cytoplasmic inclusions that are highlighted by silver stain - seen in Pick disease

56
Q

What antibiotics are used in acute cholecystitis treatment?

A

Third gen cephalosporin (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) + metronidazole

57
Q

What is familial gestation hyperthyroidism?

A

Increased responsiveness of TSH receptors to hCG or LH

58
Q

Presence of 3rd hearth sound best heard over the apex is evidence of what?

A

Congestive heart failure, mitral regurg

59
Q

What might be heard on heart auscultation in CHF?

A

S3

60
Q

Loss of sensation to the lateral aspect of the forearm is due to what nerve injury?

A

Musculocutaneous

61
Q

What nerve crosses the wrist immediately lateral to the hook of hamate?

A

Ulnar

62
Q

What nerve can be injured in a hook of hamate fracture?

A

Ulnar

63
Q

What benzodiazepines are preferred in liver disease? Why?

A

“LOT” lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam; metabolized by phase II processes

64
Q

Woman wants to know who her baby daddy is, what lab test is used for this?

A

PCR probes that amplify microsatellite repeats

65
Q

High-pitched “tinkly” bowel sounds heard over the abdomen, distended abdomen and nausea/vomiting are signs of what?

A

Intestinal obstruction

66
Q

What intestinal organism is able to form a bowel obstruction?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

67
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells are seen in what disease?

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

68
Q

What cytokine plays an important role in increasing hepcidin expression?

A

IL-6

2024 - Élo - Qbank (33 decks)

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