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MCM Final Exam > MCM Final - Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

MCM Final - Muscle Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

myofiber

A

made up of myofibrils

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1
Q

myoblast

A

proliferative cell in muscles

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2
Q

myofibroblast

A

primarily in wound healing

during the inflammatory response
-bind to connective tissue and contract to seal and close wound

actin filaments

similar to smooth muscle

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3
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

specialized cells associated with glandular secretory units

help deliver gland product into duct

wrap around glandular units

actin and myosin filaments

similar to smooth muscle

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4
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary contraction

centrally located nucleus

external lamina
-lamina densa and lamina rara

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5
Q

dense bodies

A

attachment points in smooth muscle
anchors for sliding filaments

-results in smooth muscle to coil or "pleat"
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6
Q

lamina densa and lamina rara

A

components of the external lamina of smooth muscles

lamina rara in between two lamina densas

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7
Q

skeletal muscle

A

peripheral nuclei

voluntary contraction

multinucleated

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8
Q

sarcomere

A

repeating unit of skeletal muscle

goes from z line to z line

contractile unit of the myofiber

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9
Q

a band

A

broad dark band in sarcomere

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10
Q

i band

A

light band

ends of two adjacent sarcomeres

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11
Q

h band

A

light band in middle of sarcomere

middle of the a band

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12
Q

myofiber

A

muscle cell

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13
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds individual myofibers

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14
Q

fascicle

A

bundle of myofibers in skeletal muscle

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15
Q

perimysium

A

surrounds the fascicle in skeletal muscles

16
Q

epimysium

A

surrounds bundle of fascicles in skeletal muscle

17
Q

cardiac muscle

A

also striated
involuntary contraction
can beat without external stimuli

central nuclei

ends joined by intercalated discs (fascia adherens)

18
Q

intercalated discs

A

joins ends of cardiac muscles

fascia adherens

rich in gap junctions

19
Q

neuro-muscular junction

A

excitation signal transferred at motor end plate

release of acetylcholine stimulates contraction

20
Q

neurotransmitter for muscle contraction?

A

acetylcholine
-results in entry of sodium into the cell by opening up
Ach-gated ion channels

21
Q

excitation-contraction coupling

A

nerve impulse transmitted to the transverse tubule system of myocyte

T-tubules - organized into triads
-at A band / I band junction

terminal cisternae on each side of t-tubule extend to sarcoplasmic reticulum

sodium flux through Ach-gated channels in t-tubules results in opening of calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

causes filament sliding

22
Q

filament sliding during contraction

A

shortens i and h band

a band width constant (A band is width of the thick filament myosin)

23
Q

thick filaments

A

myosin - length of a band

24
Q

thin filaments

A

actin filaments

anchored at z line

25
Q

myofilament structure

A

each myosin (thick fiber) surrounded by 6 actin (thin) filaments

26
Q

structure of myosin

A

thick filament

- to chains of heavy meromyosin
- hinge region
- light meromysin in the head region
27
Q

structure of actin

A

thin filament of contraction

polymer of actin
tropomyosin - covers actin binding site
troponin - binds calcium during activation of contraction

28
Q

Mechanism of Filament Sliding

A

1 myosin bound to ADP and P (resting)
2 Ca2+ binds troponin causing tropomyosin to uncover myosin binding sites on actin
3 myosin binds to actin releasing energy (ADP and P)
4 release of ADP and P causes conformation change in myosin head
5 ATP binds releasing myosin from actin (relaxes myosin)
6 ATP converted to ADP and P
7 start over

29
Q

low energy state of contraction?

A

binding of ATP causes the relaxation of myosin

- no ATP means you have no relaxation in myosin and constant contraction
	- rigor mortis
30
Q

contraction in smooth muscle

A

calcium released into cell and binds calmodulin

- results in activated myosin light chan kinase
- phosphorylated myosin interacts with and binds actin
31
Q

calmodulin

A

involved in smooth muscle contraction

32
Q

muscle bone connection

A

actin filaments insert at modified z line

- connective tissue surrounding muscle binds to bone
	- tendon, bone, and periosteum, sharpey's fibers
33
Q

muscle spindle organs

A

found in the muscle body

sense muscle length and tone

has two types of fibers:

- extrafusal
- intrafusal

proprioceptive sensor

- known as annulospiral ending
	- wraps around specialized muscle fibers with efferent and afferent fibers
34
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs

A

found in tendons

sense increased tension
contain only sensory fibers

axons terminate at spiral endings

wrap collagen strands

MCM Final Exam (16 decks)

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