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MCM Final Exam > MCM Final - Skin > Flashcards

MCM Final - Skin Flashcards

(63 cards)

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0
Q

how are glands classified?

A

mode of secretion, cell number, and method of product distribution, ductal morphology, glandular morphology

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1
Q

development of gland

A

invagination of epithelium

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2
Q

merocrine

A

aka eccrine

product released by exocytosis
-fusion of granules with plasmalemma

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3
Q

holocrine

A

entire cell dies and release product

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4
Q

apocrine

A

release membrane bound particles

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5
Q

method of distribution for pancreas?

A

exocrine and endocrine

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6
Q

exocrine

A

secrete via duct

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7
Q

endocrine

A

secrete into blood or lymphatics

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8
Q

paracrine

A

secrete into extracellular space

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9
Q

simple gland

A

single tube structure

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10
Q

compound gland

A

duct has branches

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11
Q

coiled gland duct

A

simple gland that is twisted/coiled

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12
Q

tubular gland

A

cells all same size

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13
Q

alveolar gland

A

cells enlarge toward bottom

aka acinar gland

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14
Q

serous glands

A

secrete watery suspension of proteins and enzymes that travels down ducts

ex/ parotid salivary gland

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15
Q

mucus gland

A

secrete viscous colloid with enzymes, proteins, and glycoproteins

ex/ goblet cells, sublingual and palatine salivary glands

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16
Q

mixed gland

A

secrete both serous and mucus

ex/ submandibular salivary gland

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17
Q

cell types in glands

A

parenchyma is the functional tissue and stroma are the cytoskeleton elements

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18
Q

organization of stroma in glands

A

form lobes that surround lobules

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19
Q

acini

A

secretory component of gland

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20
Q

significance of mitochondria in ducts of glands?

A

burning energy, so something important is going on

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21
Q

interlacated duct

A

portion of delivery route in gland that is where product secreted and forms tube

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22
Q

three division of the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

**hypodermis technically not apart of skin

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23
Q

epidermis

A

specialized stratified epithelium

protection from fluid loss, UV, and infection

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24
dermis
dense irregular connective tissue has specialized structures: -vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
25
hypodermis
subcutaneous connective tissue functions: - attaches skin to underlying structures - padding, insulation, energy source - molds external appearance
26
thick epidermis
on palmar and plantar surfaces no hair
27
thin epidermis
on rest of body not palms or plantar region hairy
28
keratinocytes
cells of the epidermis has keratin intermediate filment
29
three layers of epidermis?
stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basalis
30
stratum basalis
cuboidal cells on basal lamina of dermal-epidermal junction attached by hemidesmosomes high mitotic activity - renewal of epidermis cells (keratinocytes)
31
chalone
soluble protein produced within tissue that reversibly inhibits mitosis
32
vitamin A and skin
inhibitory role in skin differentiation
33
stratum spinosum
plays role in protection and water loss lots of desmosomes - tight junctions between cells resist shearing abrasive forces
34
stratum granulosum
have keratohyaline granules and keratinosomes forms gooey cement that prevents water loss
35
keratohyalin granules
in stratum granulosum of skin and are non-membrane bound granules of RNA, polysaccharides and peptides
36
keratinosomes
in stratum granulosum of skin membrane coated granules secrete glyco-phospholipids and GAGs that are intercellular cement
37
cell envelope
layer close to cytoplasm
38
lipid envelope
consists of extracellular lipids >ceramides
39
keratinized layer of skin
outermost layer of epidermis keratinocytes are flattened discs consists of stratum lucidum and stratum corneum
40
desquamation
final process of removing top layer of keratinized cell does not happen by abrasion*** -active mechanism of dishesion by lipolytic enzymes at outer epidermis
41
melanocytes
specialized cell of the epidermis in the basal layer of the epidermis produce pigment - melanin secrete pigments in melanosomes
42
pigmentation of skin?
eumelanin- brown-black pheomelanin - red-yellow keratinocytes pick up the pigments from the melanosomes (secreted by melanocytes)
43
melanocyte activity?
all at the same constant rate difference in pigmentation due to differing rates of kerationcytes taking in the pigment
44
melanine production
precursor is tyrosine produced in melanocytes secreted to kerationcytes via melanosomes
45
langerhans cells
specialized cells of the epidermis -produced in marrow and reside in the skin act as antigen-presenting cells (immune response) express Fc, MHCII, and C3 receptors can be damaged by UV make interleukin-1 which induces T cells to make IL-2 and proliferate
46
merkel cells
specialized cells of the epidermis found int he stratum basalum function in sensation as mechanoreceptors
47
Dermis
irregular connective tissue underlying the epidermis two layers: reticular layer and papillary layer
48
epidermal pegs
portion of epidermis that drops to the papillary layer of the dermis
49
dermal papillae
portion of dermis that is in contact with the epidermal pegs forms the papillary layer of the dermis
50
papillary layer of dermis
formed from the epidermal pegs and dermal papillae contain connective tissue, blood vessels, nerve and neurosensory organs (meissners corpuscles)
51
reticular layer
layer of dermis below the papillary layer has connective tissue, hair follicles, nerves and neurosensory organs, blood and lymph vessels, and blands
52
meissners corpuscles
in the papillary layer of the dermis
53
pacinian corpuscles
in the reticular layer of the dermis
54
is epidermis vascular?
NO - receives nutrients by diffusion
55
what is the dermal epidermal junction composed of?
1 basal cell plasmalemma (and hemidesmosomes) 2 basal lamina 3 connective tissue fibers below the basal lamina -anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen)
56
hair follicles
follicular sheath shares characteristics with the epidermis -can proliferate as new source of epidermis has arrector pili muscle and sebaceous gland
57
sebaceous bland
occur in proximity to hair follicles secrete product of holocrine secretion -oily, waxy sebum inhibits evaporation and aids in thermal homeostasis also keeps skin soft and hair from drying out
58
sweat glands
sweat is hypotonic under cholinergic control - merocrine (eccrine) glands simple coiled tubular gland: dark cells (pyramidal - contain secretion glanules) -clear cells (primary cells in producing sweat) -myoepithelial cells (contractile)
59
merocrine sweat glands
simple coiled tubular gland with three cell types (dark, clear, and myoepithelial) under cholinergic control
60
apocrine sweat glands
simple coiled tubular gland empty into hair follicle produce odorless mix of proteins and pheromones -odor from bacteria degradation under adrenergic influence
61
meissners corpuscles
specialized in the dermis responsible for two point sensation -in the dermal papillae
62
pacinian corpuscles
sense pressure and vibration (deeper) in the dermis and hypodermis looks like an onion

MCM Final Exam (16 decks)

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