Meadows

Question 1

Reflect problems with free water handling, not excessive intake or deficiencies

Answer 1

Sodium

Question 2

Hyponatremia

Answer 2

Less than 135

Question 3

Hypernatremia

Answer 3

More than 145

Question 4

Too little free water

Answer 4

Hypernatremia

Question 5

For hypernatremia, values less than _____ are not clinically significant

Answer 5

150

Question 6

With __________, most patients are elderly or chronically ill and lack access to water

Answer 6

Hypernatremia

Question 7

Pt weak and thirsty. Tachycardia, low BP. Poor skin turgor. Dry mucus membranes

Answer 7

Hypernatremia

Question 8

For diagnosis of _____, measure urine osmolality

Answer 8

Hypernatremia

Question 9

Will have concentrated urine in an effort to conserve water

Answer 9

Hypernatremia

Question 10

Have Hypernatremia and dilute urine

Answer 10

Diabetes insipidus (absence of ADH)

Question 11

Unstable pt should be given IV fluids to get BP stable

Answer 11

Hypernatremia

Question 12

Correct Hypernatremia over

Answer 12

48 hours

Question 13

Too much free water

Answer 13

Hyponatremia

Question 14

Usually no symptoms or findings.
But with levels less than ______ see nausea, fatigue, confusion, headache, and neurological deficits.
Check overall volume status.

Answer 14

Hyponatremia

120.

Question 15

Divides causes into hypo, eu, and hypervolemic

Answer 15

Hyponatremia

Question 16

Surrogate for ADH activity

Answer 16

Urine osmolality

Question 17

Surrogate for volume status

Answer 17

Urine Na

Question 18

Osmolality ______, maximally concentrated urine with ADH

Answer 18

High

Question 19

Osmolality __, maximally dilute urine. ADH absent

Answer 19

Low

Question 20

Cause from diuretics and volume loss

Answer 20

Hypovolemic - Hyponatremia

Question 21

Caused from SIADH

Answer 21

Euvolemic - Hyponatremia

Question 22

Caused by CHF, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 22

Hypervolemic - Hyponatremia

Question 23

_________ causes Hyponatremia, but ______ do not

Answer 23

Thiazide.

Loops.

Question 24

Person with small cell cancer ectopically produces

Answer 24

ADH

Question 25

__________ likely to get neurological damage from over correction of Hyponatremia

Answer 25

Pre-menopausal females

Question 26

Major extracellular cation

Answer 26

Sodium