Mechanisms

Question 1

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from an alkane to a halogenoalkane?

Answer 1

Free radical substitution

Conditions:
X2 (halogen)
UV light

Question 2

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from a halogenoalkane to a primary amine?

Answer 2

Nucleophilic substitution

Conditions:
Excess NH3

Question 3

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from a halogenoalkane to a nitrile?

Answer 3

Nucleophilic substitution

Conditions:
KCN (aq) - :CN -
Ethanol
Reflux

Question 4

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from a halogenoalkane to an alcohol?

Answer 4

Nuclophillic substitution

Conditions:
Warm NaOH / KOH (aq)
Reflux

Question 5

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from a halogenoalkane to an alkene?

Answer 5

Elimination

Conditions:
NaOH / KOH
Warm ethanol
Reflux

Question 6

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from an alkene to a halogenoalkane?

Answer 6

Electrophilic addition

Question 7

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from an alkene to a alcohol?

Answer 7

Electrophilic addition - hydration

Conditions:
Concentrated H2SO4 (catalyst)

Question 8

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from an alcohol to an alkene?

Answer 8

Elimination - dehydration

Conditions:
H3PO4 - catalyst
Steam
300 degrees celsius
60 atm

(Or H2O, H2SO4 catalyst)

Question 9

What is the mechanism and the conditions from going from an alkene to a dibromoalkane?

Answer 9

Electrophillic addition

Conditions:
Br2
25 degrees Celsius