Mechanisms and Characteristics of Sports Injuries

Question 1

tearing =

Answer 1

laceration

Question 2

tearing/ripping=

Answer 2

avulsion

Question 3

penetrating=

Answer 3

puncture

Question 4

breaking point of tendon injuries is equal to or more than ____

Answer 4

6-8%

Question 5

reflex reaction caused by trauma of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 5

muscle spasms

Question 6

rigid muscle contraction that lasts a period of time

Answer 6

tonic

Question 7

alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession

Answer 7

clonic

Question 8

fluids that collect in muscles during and after exercise are absorbed into the blood stream at a slow rate

Answer 8

muscle stiffness

Question 9

inflammation of synovial sheath; crepitus; chronic- locally thickened

Answer 9

tenosynovitis

Question 10

myositis ossificans occurs in a muscle over a bone

Answer 10

ectopic calcfication

Question 11

abnormal shortening of a muscle tissue

Answer 11

contracture

Question 12

joint that is immovable

Answer 12

synarthrotic

Question 13

slightly movable joint

Answer 13

ampiarthrotic

Question 14

freely movable joint

Answer 14

diarthrotic

Question 15

primary injury in ligaments?

Answer 15

viscoelastic tissue properties; constant compression causes deterioration, intermittent compression increases strength; chronic inflammation causes shrinkage of collagen fibers

Question 16

an organ will adapt itself structurally to an alternation, quantitative of function

Answer 16

rouxs law of function adaption

Question 17

part of nasal septum, larynx, trachea, bronchi, articular ends of bones

Answer 17

hyaline or articular cartilage

Question 18

vertebral disks, pubic symphysis and menisci of knee joint

Answer 18

fibrous

Question 19

external ear and eustachian tube

Answer 19

elastic

Question 20

ellipical convex head in an elliptical concave socket

Answer 20

ellipsoidal; wrist

Question 21

reciprocally concavoconvex

Answer 21

saddle; carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Question 22

small amount of gliding back and forth or sideways

Answer 22

gliding; joints b/w carpal and tarsal bones, intervertebral joints

Question 23

states that the joint capsule, the muscle moving in that joint, and the skin overlying the insertion of the muscle have the same nerve supply

Answer 23

Hilton’s law

Question 24

• a disjointing of two bones parallel to one another or

- rupture of a solid joint (pubic symphysis)

Answer 24

diastasis

Question 25

degenerative changes in the ossification centers of the epiphyses of bones

Answer 25

osteochondrosis

Question 26

degeneration of the articular or hyaline cartilage from repeated trauma; s/s pain may be localized or generalized to joint; pain by friction; joint cracking

Answer 26

osteoarthritis

Question 27

sudden irritation can cause acture bursitis; overuse of muscles or tendon or compression

Answer 27

bursitis

Question 28

dense, white fibrous membrane covers long bones

Answer 28

periosteum

Question 29

often in flat bones; caused by falling and striking body part on unyielding surface or by being hit with a hard object

Answer 29

depressed fracture

Question 30

incomplete break in bones that have not completely ossified; often occurs in convex bone surface while concave surface remain intact

Answer 30

greenstick fracture

Question 31

caused from fall from a height. require immediate spliting by AT and traction by physician to ensure normal length of injured limb

Answer 31

impacted fracture

Question 32

bone splits along its length; often result of jumping and stress directs up long axis

Answer 32

longitudinal fracture

Question 33

s-shaped separation; common in football and skiing

Answer 33

spiral fracture

Question 34

occur when one end of the bone receives sudden torsion while other is fixed or stabilized

Answer 34

oblique fracture

Question 35

two bony fragments have a saw tooth, sharp edged fracture line; usually caused by direct blow

Answer 35

serrated fracture

Question 36

occurs in a straight line at right angles to the bone shaft; caused by direct blow

Answer 36

transverse fracture

Question 37

greater than or more fragments at fracture site. caused by hard blow or fall. hard to heal cause of fragments

Answer 37

comminuted fracture

Question 38

occur two the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye

Answer 38

blowout fracture

Question 39

occur on side opposite to the point at which trauma was initiated; fracture of skull

Answer 39

contrecoup

Question 40

separation of a bone fragment at an attachment of ligament or tendon; sudden, powerful twist

Answer 40

avulsion fracture

Question 41

separation of physis

Answer 41

type 1

Question 42

separation of growth plate and small part of metaphysis

Answer 42

type 2

Question 43

fracture of physis

Answer 43

type 3

Question 44

fracture of portion of physis and metaphysis

Answer 44

type 4

Question 45

crushing force; growth deformity

Answer 45

type 5

Question 46

occurs when a reduced amount of blood is available to the circulatory system;fatigue, exposure to heat/cold, dehydration or illness

Answer 46

shock

Question 47

signs: low BP ( less than 90 systolic), rapid and weak pulse, drowsy sluggish, shallow and rapid respiration, skin is pale , cool and clamy

Answer 47

shock

Question 48

treatment: maintain body temp, raise legs 8-12 inches off the ground

Answer 48

shock

Question 49

rapid strong heart beat may indicate

Answer 49

heat stroke

Question 50

dimensions for crutch fitting:

Answer 50

6 inches anteriorly, 2 inches laterally; 2-3 finger widths in arm pit, 30 degrees of flexion; 12-15 inches ahead while walking