Medical terms unit 8

Question 1

anastomosis

Answer 1

surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

Question 2

anorexia nervosa

Answer 2

eating disorder; distorted perception of body appearance leads to fear of weight gain and refusal to eat

Question 3

cholangiography

Answer 3

radiographic examination of the bile ducts w/contrast medium

Question 4

cholangitis

Answer 4

inflammation of the bile duct

Question 5

cholecystectomy

Answer 5

surgical removal of the gallbladder

Question 6

cholecystitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 7

choledocholithotomy

Answer 7

incision into common bile duct to remove gallstone

Question 8

colonoscopy

Answer 8

direct visual examination of inner surface of the entire colon

Question 9

colostomy

Answer 9

surgical creation of artificial excretory opening between colon and body surface

Question 10

hematemesis

Answer 10

vomiting of blood

Question 11

hyperemesis

Answer 11

extreme, persistent vomiting that can lead to dehydration

Question 12

enteritis

Answer 12

inflammation of small intestine caused by consuming substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens

Question 13

esophageal varices

Answer 13

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 14

gastroduodenostomy

Answer 14

procedure to establish an anastomosis between the upper portion of stomach and duodenum

Question 15

gastrostomy tube

Answer 15

surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into stomach

Question 16

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 16

upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

Question 17

nasogastric intubation

Answer 17

placement of a feeding tube through the nose & into the stomach

Question 18

hepatitis

Answer 18

pain or discomfort in digestion

Question 19

aerophagia

Answer 19

excessive swallowing of air while eating/drinking

Question 20

dysphagia

Answer 20

difficulty swallowing

Question 21

proctologist

Answer 21

specialist in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

Question 22

rectocele

Answer 22

bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina

Question 23

sigmoidoscopy

Answer 23

examination of the interior of the rectum, the lowest section of the colon, and portion of descending colon

Question 24

antiemetic

Answer 24

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

Question 25

aphthous ulcers

Answer 25

gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

Question 26

ascites

Answer 26

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 27

bariatrics

Answer 27

branch of medicine concerned with prevention & control of obesity and related conditions

Question 28

borborygmus

Answer 28

rumbling noise caused by movement of gas in the intestine

Question 29

bulimia nervosa

Answer 29

eating disorder; distorted body image leads to binge eating and purging

Question 30

cachexia

Answer 30

condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass

Question 31

celiac disease

Answer 31

inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by severe reaction to gluten

Question 32

cheilosis

Answer 32

disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores that the corners of the mouth

Question 33

cirrhosis

Answer 33

chronic degenerative disease of the liver w/scarring

Question 34

Crohn’s disease

Answer 34

chronic autoimmune disorder in the digestive tract

Question 35

diverticulitis

Answer 35

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

Question 36

diverticulosis

Answer 36

chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

Question 37

eructation

Answer 37

act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Question 38

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer 38

procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

Question 39

Hemoccult test

Answer 39

laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool

Question 40

herpes labialis

Answer 40

blister-like sores of the lips and admacent facial tissue (cold sores)

Question 41

hiatal hernia

Answer 41

anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through opening in the diaphragm

Question 42

ileus

Answer 42

partial or complete blockage of small or large intestine

Question 43

inguinal hernia

Answer 43

protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

Question 44

jaundice

Answer 44

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

Question 45

leukoplakia

Answer 45

abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or inside of the cheek

Question 46

melena

Answer 46

passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

Question 47

morbid obesity

Answer 47

condition of weighing 2 or more times ideal weight

Question 48

obesity

Answer 48

excessive accumulation of fat in the body

Question 49

palatoplasty

Answer 49

surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip

Question 50

peptic ulcers

Answer 50

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

Question 51

peristalsis

Answer 51

series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves food forward into the digestive system

Question 52

polyp

Answer 52

mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

Question 53

regurgitation

Answer 53

return of swallowed food into the mouth

Question 54

salmonellosis

Answer 54

an infection transmitted by animal feces or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats, eggs, or unpasteurized milk and cheese products

Question 55

stomatitis

Answer 55

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth or oral cavity

Question 56

trismus

Answer 56

restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation for oral cancer

Question 57

ulcerative colitis

Answer 57

chronic condition of unknown cause with repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine causing ulcers

Question 58

volvulus

Answer 58

twisting of the intestine on itself causing obstruction

Question 59

xerostomia

Answer 59

lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands