Medicine - Renaissance

Question 1

Name 4 ideas on the cause of disease that continued in the renaissance period

Answer 1

Miasma
Religious
Supernatural
4 humours

Question 2

What was fragcatoro theory (1546)

Answer 2

The idea that seeds in the air caused disease

Question 3

What was the idea animalcules and how was it able to be discovered ?

Answer 3

The idea that tiny animals were the cause of disease, due to more powerful microscopes

Question 4

Why was bathing less common in the renaissance period ?

Answer 4

Spread of syphilis in bath houses

Question 5

How did people prevent miasma in the renaissance period ?

Answer 5

Removed sewage, drained bogs, cleaned

Question 6

Did Regimin sanitatis continue in the renaissance period ?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What superstitious belief did people have about their birth ?

Answer 7

If you were a weak child it would lead to later illness

Question 8

Name a prevention method in the renaissance period

Answer 8

Magical charms (Great Plague), Regimin sanitatis, avoiding areas with disease, not bathing, removing sewage, idea of moderation

Question 9

What is alchemy ?

Answer 9

“Medical chemistry”

Question 10

What was used to purge Illness by sweating and sickness ?

Answer 10

Antimony

Question 11

How many chemicals did the college of physicians suggest ?

Answer 11

Over 122 chemical cures to treat 2149 diseases

Question 12

What was the idea of transference ?

Answer 12

The idea that an illness could be transferred from a patient to something else (onion on warts)

Question 13

What herbal remedies did they use ?

Answer 13

Ones which matched the color of the illness (eg. red wine for smallpox)

Question 14

How did the exploration of the new world effect treatments ?

Answer 14

New spices and herbs were discovered such as quinine

Question 15

Did bleeding a purging continue in the renaissance period ?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What was the Kings royal touch ?

Answer 16

The idea that touching the king could cure illness (over 92000 visiting Charles II to cure their scrofula)

Question 17

What was the “magic” cure for malaria ?

Answer 17

“Cut off hair, feed to birds in an egg and put inside a tree”

Question 18

How many mistakes did Vesalius find in Galen’s work on anatomy ?

Answer 18

300 (males have the same amount of ribs as females)

Question 19

How did Vesalius discover his ideas on anatomy ?

Answer 19

By dissecting executed criminals

Question 20

What was Vesalius’ book and when was it published ?

Answer 20

“The fabric of the human body” in 1543

Question 21

What was Sydenham’s nickname ?

Answer 21

The English Hippocrates

Question 22

What did Sydenham encourage ?

Answer 22

That physicians should observe the symptoms of their symptoms patients and not rely on medical books

Question 23

What was Sydenham’s book called and how long was it used for ?

Answer 23

“Observations medicae”, used for 200 years

Question 24

What cures did Sydenham introduce ?

Answer 24

Quinine for malaria, iron for anemia

Question 25

What did Harvey discover ?

Answer 25

How blood circulated through the body

Question 26

What did people previously think, related to the heart ?

Answer 26

New blood constantly made in liver to replace burned up blood Veins carried blood and air Blood travelled through an invisible hole in the septum from one to another side of the heart

Question 27

Where did Harvey publish his ideas and when ?

Answer 27

“An anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood” in 1628

Question 28

How did Harvey discover how blood was pumped around the body ?

Answer 28

By dissecting humans and the hearts of live cold blooded animals

Question 29

When was the first blood transfusion and who did it ?

Answer 29

1665, Richard Lower

Question 30

When was the royal society founded

Answer 30

1660

Question 31

What did the royal society allow physicians to do ?

Answer 31

Study each others work and members were encouraged to challenge existing ideas

Question 32

What was the royal society’s journal called ?

Answer 32

“Philosophical transactions”

Question 33

When was the printing press created ?

Answer 33

1440

Question 34

What did the printing press allow physicians to do ?

Answer 34

Mass publish their own ideas with identical diagrams and text

Question 35

Did hospitals in the renaissance provide care not cure ?

Answer 35

No they provided care and cure

Question 36

What could people expect in a Renaissance hospital ?

Answer 36

- a good diet - a visit from a physician who could observe and suggest treatment - medication from the hospital apothecary

Question 37

When was the dissolution of the monasteries?

Answer 37

1436

Question 38

What were pox houses ?

Answer 38

“Hospitals” which focused on one disease (such as the plague)

Question 39

When was the Great Plague ?

Answer 39

1665

Question 40

How many Londoners died from the Great Plague ?

Answer 40

100,000, 1 in 5

Question 41

What did people think caused miasma during the Great Plague ?

Answer 41

Stinking rubbish in major cities which caused vapor to be present in soil which was released in summer when the weather warmed

Question 42

What astrology events were thought to be the cause of the Black Death ?

Answer 42

- 1644, alignment of Saturn and Mars - 1664, mysterious comet - 1664, alignment of Saturn and Jupiter

Question 43

What preventative measure did the college of physicians create during the Great Plague ?

Answer 43

- regular prayer and repentance - quarantine - carrying pomanders - fasting regularly - eating lots of garlic and sage

Question 44

Where there many physicians during the Great Plague?

Answer 44

No, most left London and often died if they stayed

Question 45

What did plague doctors wear ?

Answer 45

Hooked bird like masks filled with herbs and cloaks treated with wax

Question 46

What was “plague water” ?

Answer 46

A apothecary treatment method made of mint, rosemary and sugar

Question 47

What was encouraged during the Black Death ?

Answer 47

Smoking tobacco

Question 48

What were quack doctors ?

Answer 48

Doctors who mixed remedies and called them fabulous cures

Question 49

Name 2 things people did with buboes from the Black Death ?

Answer 49

Transference (chicken) Lancing them with a feather plucked from a bird blessed by a holy person

Question 50

Why did people who were infected with the bubonic plague sit by a fire wrapped in cloth ?

Answer 50

To “sweat” the disease out

Question 51

What happened to the village of Eyam ?

Answer 51

In 1665 when badly infected with the plague the whole village quarantined for over 14 months (did not spread outside of village)

Question 52

What did the government close/ ban ?

Answer 52

Funerals, fairs, theatres

Question 53

How did people drive away miasma during the Great Plague ?

Answer 53

Burning barres of tar and herbs in street corners

Question 54

How many dogs/ cats were killed during the Great Plague ?

Answer 54

200,000 cats and 40,000 dogs

Question 55

How many days did an infected household have to quarantine for during the Great Plague ?

Answer 55

28/40