Medulla Oblongata

Question 1

What is the medulla oblongata a derivative of?

Answer 1

the myelencephalon

Question 2

What is the fasciculus cuneatus?

Answer 2

an ascending sensory tract

Question 3

Where does the fasciculus cuneatus originate from?

Answer 3

spinal cord segments C1-T5

Question 4

Where does the fasciculus cuneatus terminate?

Answer 4

the thalamus

Question 5

What somatic sensory function is the fasciculus cuneatus in charge of?

Answer 5

proprioception and touch

Question 6

What regions of the body does the fasciculus cuneatus receive information from?

Answer 6

the cervical area, upper trunk, and the thoracic limb

Question 7

What is the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 7

a descending sensory tract

Question 8

Where does the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve originate?

Answer 8

in the face

Question 9

Where does the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve terminate?

Answer 9

in the nucleus of spinal tract V

Question 10

What is the somatic sensory function of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 10

facial pain and temp

Question 11

What is the pyramid?

Answer 11

a descending motor tract

Question 12

Where does the pyramid originate?

Answer 12

cerebral motor cortex

Question 13

Where does the pyramid terminate?

Answer 13

the brain stem and the spinal cord

Question 14

What cranial nerves originate in the medulla oblongata?

Answer 14

CN VI - CN XII

Question 15

Where does the abducent nerve terminate?

Answer 15

in the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi

Question 16

What does injury to the abducent nerve cause?

Answer 16

medial strabismus

Question 17

What reflex is absent when the abducent nerve is damaged?

Answer 17

3rd eyelid reflex

Question 18

Where does the facial nerve originate from?

Answer 18

the trapezoid body

Question 19

What type of fibers does the facial nerve have?

Answer 19

somatic motor, visceral motor, and sensory

Question 20

What do the somatic motor fibers of the facial nerve control?

Answer 20

blinking and the muscles of facial expression

Question 21

What do the visceral motor fibers of the facial nerve control?

Answer 21

the lacrimal gland and salivary glands

Question 22

What sensory information does the facial nerve receive?

Answer 22

taste from the rostral 2/3 of the tongue

Question 23

What reflexes are absent if the facial nerve is damaged?

Answer 23

spontaneous blinking, the palpebral reflex, and the corneal reflex

Question 24

What will a lesion to the visceral motor fibers of the facial cause?

Answer 24

lack of tear and saliva production

Question 25

What will a lesion to the sensory fibers of the facial cause?

Answer 25

lack of sensory information from the tastebuds

Question 26

What nerve controls the sensory portion of the corneal reflex?

Answer 26

the trigeminal

Question 27

What nerve controls the motor portion of the corneal reflex?

Answer 27

the facial and the abducent

Question 28

What nerve controls the sensory portion of the palpebral reflex?

Answer 28

the trigeminal

Question 29

What nerve controls the motor portion of the palpebral reflex?

Answer 29

the facial nerve

Question 30

What type of fibers does the vestibulocochlear nerve have?

Answer 30

afferent

Question 31

Where do fibers from the vestibular organ go?

Answer 31

to the vestibular nuclei

Question 32

Where do fibers from the vestibular nuclei go?

Answer 32

to the vestibulospinal tract

Question 33

Where do fibers from the vestibulospinal tract go?

Answer 33

to the skeletal muscles that the vestibulocochlear nerve innervates

Question 34

What does the vestibular part of the vestibulocohlear nerve control?

Answer 34

eye movement in response to change in head position and adjust body position in response to change in head position

Question 35

Where do fibers from the cochlear nuclei go?

Answer 35

dorsally to the acoustic stria and ventrally to the trapezoid body

Question 36

What does the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

Answer 36

provides auditory input

Question 37

What is the lateral lemniscus?

Answer 37

a tract from the cochlear nuclei

Question 38

What does the lateral lemniscus send fibers to?

Answer 38

the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and the caudal colliculus of the midbrain

Question 39

What are the auditory structures of the medulla?

Answer 39

cochlear nuclei, acoustic stria, and trapezoid body

Question 40

What are some clinical signs that are associated with a lesion to the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Answer 40

abnormal nystagmus, head tilting, falling, and circling

Question 41

What does the quick phase of abnormal nystagmus indicate?

Answer 41

what side the lesion is on - it will go away from the lesion

Question 42

If a patient is head tilting to the right, where is the lesion?

Answer 42

on the right vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 43

If a patient is circling to the right, where is the lesion?

Answer 43

on the right vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 44

What kind of information does the nucleus of the solitary tract get and from what cranial nerves?

Answer 44

sensory information from the vagus and glossopharyngeal

Question 45

What type of nucleus is the nucleus ambiguous?

Answer 45

motor

Question 46

What nerves are associated with the nucleus ambiguous?

Answer 46

the vagus, glossopharyngeal, and accessory

Question 47

What does the nucleus ambiguous send motor innervation to?

Answer 47

the pharynx, larynx, palate, and esophagus

Question 48

What does the motor nucleus of the accessory nerve do?

Answer 48

it innervates the trapezius, cleidocervicalis, sternocephalicus, and cleidomastoideus to keep the head up

Question 49

What cranial nerves are associated with the swallowing reflex?

Answer 49

CN IX, X, and XI

Question 50

What nucleus is involved in the sensory stimulation of the swallowing reflex?

Answer 50

nucleus of the solitary tract

Question 51

What nucleus is involed in the motor part of the swallowing reflex?

Answer 51

nucleus ambiguous

Question 52

What is peristalsis?

Answer 52

the contraction of smooth muscle that moves things from one end to the other

Question 53

What is dysphagia?

Answer 53

difficulty swallowing and lack of esophageal peristalsis

Question 54

What can lack of esophageal peristalsis be caused by?

Answer 54

deficit in sensory input and motor control

Question 55

What can lack of esophageal peristalsis lead to?

Answer 55

mega esophagous

Question 56

How does the vestibular nuclei innervate the extraocular muscles?

Answer 56

via the medial longitudinal fasciculus