memory

Question 1

How to Improve Memory

Answer 1

• activate relevant past knowledge (e.g. names)
• seek meaningful structure (e.g. shopping list)
• actively elaborate (e.g. jokes, music)
• use mental imagery
• explain yourself
• use context (helpful for exams)

Question 2

What is Part Set Cueing?

Answer 2

• The effect of impaired recall of remembered items when presented items when presented with some of the items from the set
• (i.e. having half of the list given to you doesn’t necessarily help)
• e.g. shopping list, remembering items to buy

Question 3

What did this study measure?

Bartlett’s ‘War of the Ghosts’

Answer 3

Measured 2 effects:
1. repeated recall
* story recalled every so often by same person in as much detail as possible
* after a week, they copied out the story again and sent it to him - then again after a month, 2 months, etc
* had to recall as much detail as possible each
2. serial recall
* story is told by one person to another in a chain several people long
.
Both recall methods share elements:
* details are lost
* bizarre elements reinterpreted
* elements that don’t ‘fit’ dropped
But effects of serial recall are much stronger

Question 4

Fuzzy Trace Theory

Answer 4

Brainerd & Reyna (2002):
2 types of memory you make about a subject:
1. verbatim traces
* detailed representations of a past event
2. gist traces
* bottom line meaning, but overall a fizzy representation of past events

Question 5

Fuzzy Trace Theory in relation to Bartlett’s study

Answer 5

• Bartlett’s ppts only developed a gist-trace for the story
• that’s why you introduce elements of schemas, because they’re other things you have a ‘gist’ of