Memory

Question 1

What does memory do?

Answer 1

• stores and receives info
• compares against previous experiences
• selects motor programmes to produce movement

Question 2

What are the components of Baddeley and Hitch working memory model ?

Answer 2

• central executive
• phonological loop
• visuospatial sketchpad
• episodic buffer
• long term memory

Question 3

What does the central executive do?

Answer 3

• maintain overall control
• links with the long term memory
• focuses and switches attention
• has a limited capacity
• identifies which information goes to which subsystem

Question 4

What does the phonological loop do?

Answer 4

• processes auditory information like a call from teammate (deals with written material too)
• temporary storage system which creates a memory trace
• sent to the long term memory to trigger a motor programme
• memory trace will fade away if not rehearsed
  Eg/ saying dance routine out loud to not forget

Question 5

What does the visuospatial sketchpad do?

Answer 5

• processes visual and spatial information
• stores it temporarily
• responsible for manipulating visual images
• used for navigation
• stores kinaesthetic info about how the movement feels
  Eg/ images of set plays

Question 6

What does the episodic buffer do?

Answer 6

• stores 3-4 chunks/ episodes (short term memory)
• allows different parts of the working memory to talk to eathother
• produces sequence of information to send to the LTM which initiates motor programme
• communicates with LTM and the components of the working memory
• gathers perceptual information and holds it temporarily
  Eg/ seeing flight of ball, sound of ‘man on’, muscle feel as you receive the pass

Question 7

What are the functions and characteristics of the working memory model?

Answer 7

• WM (working memory) recieves relevant information that has been filtered by selective attention
• WM produces a memory trace of the current skill and compares it against information stored in the LTM
• LTM sends the motor programme to the WM to use in the current sporting situation
• once the LTM sends the motor programme to the WM it initiates the motor programme

Question 8

What are the characteristics of the working memory model and long term memory?

Answer 8

• has a limited capacity of storing 7 (+/- 2) items for up to 30 sec
• LTM has an unlimited capacity and stores information for an unlimited time
• if a skill is practiced it can be transferred and stored in the LTM as a motor programme

Question 9

How can a performer ensure effective storage of information?

Answer 9

• practice/ rehearsal
• linking with past experiences
• chunking
• enjoyable
• meaningful
• chaining
• mental rehearsal
• reinforcements

Question 10

How do the STM and LTM work together to allow a performer to make effective decisions?

Answer 10

• filter and retain the most relevant stimuli and hold it in their STM
• the information in the STM is compared to a wide range of past experiences stored in LTM
• decide on the best course of action
• performer will have many well learned motor programmes stored in their LTM to select from
• performer will be able to make quick decisions due to fast DCR process

Question 11

What is the function of the short term sensory store?

Answer 11

• Recieves information from display from sense organs
• lots of information is provided so it is filtered by selective attention
• attended information enters STM

Question 12

What is chunking?

Answer 12

Storing information in larger units

Question 13

What is chaining?

Answer 13

Linking together pieces of information