Memory 2 Flashcards
(5 cards)
1
Q
coding
A
- baddely tested this by giving ppts lists of words which were acoustically similar/disimilar, same w semantic
- recall it it immediately using stm it was found they struggled more w acoustically similar words and 20 mins later recall it was more difficult w semantically similar words
- shows that stm is coded acoustically and ltm is coded semantically
2
Q
coding - evaluation
A
- separate memory stores
- supports the existence of separate memory stores, reinforces the multi store model
- later research also suggests stm is acoustic and ltm is semantic - artificial stimuli
- used artificial word lists, not meaningful
- memory coding may be diff if we are using actual meaningful information
3
Q
capacity
A
- jacobs conducted a study using digit span into stm capacity where he asked ppts to recall and increasingly longer list of sequences of numbers and letters
- found that digit span for numbers was 9.3 and 7.3 for letters
- miller also suggested that stm capacity is 7+-2 items and chunking can help improve this
4
Q
capacity - evaluation
A
- valid study
- his study has been replicated which confirms its reliability
- however earlier research did lack strict controls and so findings may have been influenced by distractions
- later research w strict controls supports his study - not so many chunks
- estimate of 7+-2 items may be too high
- cowan found a closer estimate of 4+- 1 chunks may be more accurate
5
Q
duration
A
stm :
- peterson and peterson conducted a study into stm duration
- ppts had to learn a list of consonant syllables but had to count backwards from a 3 digit number to prevent rehearsal from happening
- found that there was 80% accurate recall at 3 seconds and 3% accurate recall at 18 seconds
- stm duration is 18secs
ltm :
- bahrick studied ltm using high school yearbooks
- found after 15 years that recognition of classmates faces was 90% accurate but declined to 70% after 48 years
- free recall was less accurate suggesting ltm duration lasts a lifetime but can decline overtime