Memory Flashcards
(50 cards)
Memory
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Recall
what must you do? examples?
- must retrieve information from your memory
- fill in the blank or essay tests
Recognition
what must you do? example?
- must identify the target from possible targets
- multiple choice tests
what are the different kinds of memory? (5)
episodic flashbulb semantic explicit implicit
Episode memory
def? description? ex?
memory of a specific event
- took place in a person’s presence/experienced it
- EX) what you ate last night
Flashbulb memories (type of episodic) def? why etched in memory? (2)
places/events that we photograph in detail bc of the connection to important events that occurred
- etched in memory bc it’s distinct and we pay more attention to events w/ special meaning
- think about these memories oftern
Semantic memory
def? ex? why is it different than episodic?
general knowledge ppl remember
EX) George Washington= 1st president
different than episodic bc we don’t remember when the memory was acquired
Both semantic and episodic memories are what?
both examples of explicit memory
Explicit memory
def?
memory of specific information
which may be autobiographical (episodic) or general knowledge (semantic
Implicit memory
def? ex? description (2)?
(opposite of explicit) skills/procedures you've learned implied- not clearly stated EX) throwing a ball once learned, usually stays for many yrs (unlikely to forget memory)
2 types of explicit memories are…
episodic
semantic
how to remember semantic is general knowledge?
Semantic- School
Implicit memories are what kind of memories? (2)
ex of 1?
procedural memories
-cooking
conditioned memories
an emotionally charged memory where details are rich
flashbulb memory
how did flashbulb memories test links dealing w/ studying for tests?
research shows: study where place & form mirrors how you’re going to test for remembering things long term
George Bush and Brian Williams demonstrated what type of flashbulb memory?
false recall
George- thought 2nd plane, false
Brian- part of helicopter story, wasn’t
State dependent memory means?
sad, depressed, happy, angry
if you were in this state when the memory happened, likely to recall it in this state
could depend on the place other than recall
Encoding Information
what are some effects and processing that can occur? (4)
Serial Positioning Effect
Primary Effect
Recency Effect
Shallow vs Deep Processing
Primary Effect
likely to recall things @ beginning & end, lose middle
Recency Effect
remember most recent items
Shallow vs Deep Processing
Shallow- reciting info w/o meaning
Deep- establishing and connecting meaning to what we know
Serial Positioning Effect
(broken down into primary & recency effect)
tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.
Example of Deep Processing
Peg word method
1-sun 2-shoe 3-tree
Spacing Effect
lesson? relates to? what’s important? the person who hypothesized the decline of memory retention in time?
Do Not Cram (spread learning over time)
think back to brain unit (rats in a maze)
distributed practice (sleep is important)
Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve
