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Neuroanatomy > Meninges, Ventricles, CSF > Flashcards

Meninges, Ventricles, CSF Flashcards

1
Q

what are leptomeninges

A

arachnoid and pia

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2
Q

what is the only layer that is not continuous with the spinal meninges

A

outer dura

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3
Q

2 layers of dura mater

A

outer periosteal layer - attached to skull; contains meningeal arteries

inner meningeal layer - contact with arachnoid; continuous

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4
Q

dural folds

A

projections that separate parts of the brain to prevent displacement of the brain during head movement; shock cushioning

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5
Q

what are the 4 dural folds

A
  1. falx cerebri - longitudinal; divides cerebral hemispheres
  2. tentorium cerebelli - horizontal; separates cerebrum and cerebellum
    => tentorial notch - brainstem exits
  3. falx cerebelli - separates cerebellar hemispheres
  4. diaphragma sellae - covers sella turcica
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6
Q

NAME the dural venous sinuses (endothelial lined spaces eventually leading to the internal jugular

A
  • superior sagittal (upper border of falx)
  • inferior sagittal (lower border of falx)
  • straight (junction of falx and tentorium)
  • occipital
  • confluence of sinuses (straight, superior, and occipital)
  • transverse (2 - each side)
  • sigmoid (2)
  • cavernous (2)
  • intercavernous (crosses sella turcica)
  • sphenoparietal
  • superior petrosal
  • inferior petrosal
  • basilar
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7
Q

emissary veins

A

connect extracranial veins (outside the skull) to dural venous sinuses
- route of infection from skin and scalp

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8
Q

arachnoid mater spaces

A

subdural - between dura and arachnoid

subarachnoid - between arachnoid and pia; contains CSF

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9
Q

arachnoid trabeculae

A

threads of arachnoid mater that go through the subarachnoid space to the pia

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10
Q

arachnoid villi/granulations

A

CSF passes to the venous sinuses through these (ONE WAY PASSAGE)

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11
Q

arachnoid barrier

A

tight junctions cell layer preventing diffusion between dura and CSF

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12
Q

pia mater

A
  • delicate, vascular
  • attached to arachnoid trabeculae and astrocyte endfeet
  • forms choroid plexus
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13
Q

difference between cranial and spinal meninges

A
  • spinal epidural space: filled with CT and venous ==> DOES NOT EXIST in cranium (only a potential space for fluid buildup in pathological conditions)
  • denticulate ligaments between pia to arachnoid
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14
Q

epidural hematoma

A
  • tear in meningeal artery
  • possible cause: fracture of skull
  • pushes dura away from skull ==> creates epidural space
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15
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A
  • rupture of cerebral artery

- cause: aneurysm

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16
Q

subdural bleeding

A
  • tearing cerebral vein a it penetrates the arachnoid to the venous sinus
  • causes separation of inner layer of dura from arachnoid
17
Q

lateral ventricles

A
  • telencephalon
  • 2 - each hemisphere
  • components:
    => anterior horn
    => body (parietal)
    => posterior horn (occipital)
    => inferior horn (temporal lobe)
    => atrium - where body and inferior meet
18
Q

how to lateral and 3rd ventricles connect

A

foramina of monro

19
Q

third ventricle

A
  • diencephalon

- medial surface of thalamus

20
Q

how do 3rd and 4th ventricles connect

A

cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

21
Q

fourth ventricle

A
  • rhombencephalon
  • central canal from spinal cord extends from here
  • CSF flows out here
22
Q

how does CSF leave the 4th ventricle

A

2 lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)

1 medial aperture (foramen of Magendie)

23
Q

CSF

A
  • clear
  • secreted by choroid plexus
  • subarachnoid, ventricles, brain, spinal cord
  • 500mL/day made
  • 23mL in ventricles
24
Q

choroid plexus

A
  • invaginations of vascular tissue, pia mater, and ependymal lining
  • choroid epithelium: specialized ependymal cells
  • where: ventricles
  • multiple folds
25
Q

CSF circulation route

A

lateral ventricles => interventricular foramina of Monro => 3rd vent. => aqueduct of sylvius => 4th vent. => lateral foramina of Luschka/medial foramen of Magendie => cisterna magna (cerebellomedullary) => subarachnoid, brain, spinal cord (descends through spinal subarachnoid, ascends in ventral spinal cord, travels rostrally over the front hemisphere) => arachnoid villi => superior sagittal sinus

26
Q

CSF function

A
  • cushioning
  • removal of metabolites
  • spread hormones
  • reduce traction
  • intercranial pressure maintenance
27
Q

CSF composition

A
  • little protein
  • less than serum: glucose, Ca2+, K+
  • more than serum: Na+, Cl-, Mg2+
28
Q

noncommunicating hydrocephalus

A
  • cuts off communication to another part of the ventricular system
  • occlusion of foramina, apertures, or aqueduct
29
Q

communicating hydrocephalus

A
  • obstruction of tentorial notch or arachnoid villi

- can’t be absorbed into sinuses

30
Q

circumventricular organs

A
  • lack BBB
  • chemo affects brain
  • no tight junctions
  • fenestrated capillaries
31
Q

sensory circumventricular organs

A

area postrema
subfornical organ
organum vasculosum lamina terminalis

32
Q

secretory circumventricular organs

A

neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

median eminence

33
Q

other circumventricular organs

A

pineal

subcommissural

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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