Messer 220-802 Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
Windows XP Home/Professional minimum requirements
A
Processor: 233 MHz Memory: 64 MB RAM Free disk space: 1.5 GBs Optical Drive: CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Video: SVGA (800x600) Input: Mouse and keyboard
2
Q
Windows XP Home/Professional recommended requirements
A
Processor: 300 MHz Memory: 128 MB RAM Free disk space: 1.5 GBs Optical Drive: CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Video: SVGA (800x600) Input: Mouse and keyboard
3
Q
Windows XP Media Center minimum requirements
A
Processor: 1.6 GHz Memory: 256 MBs Free disk space: 60 GBs Disk requirements: DVD-ROM Video: 1024x768 Input devices: keyboard and mouse
4
Q
Windows XP Media Center maximum
A
Processor: Two physical CPUs Memory: 4 GB RAM Free disk space 256 TB Disk Requirements: DVD-ROM Video: High resolution Input devices: Remote control, 4 tuners
5
Q
Windows Vista Home Basic minimum requirements
A
Processor: 800 MHz
Memory: 512 MB RAM
Hard rive size/free space: 20 GB/15 GB
Video: 32 MB graphics RAM
6
Q
Windows Vista Home Premium/Ultimate/Business/Enterprise minimum requirements
A
Processor: 1 GHz
Memory: 1 GB RAM
Hard drive space/free space: 40 GB/15 GB
Video: 128 MB graphics RAM
7
Q
Windows 7 (x86) minimum requirements
A
Processor: 1 GHz
Memory: 1 GB RAM
Free disk space: 16 GB
Video: DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
8
Q
Windows 7 (x64) minimum requirements
A
Processor: 1 GHz
Memory: 2 GB RAM
Free disk space: 20 GB
Video: DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
9
Q
Windows 7 Starter features
A
2 GB x86 RAM
10
Q
Windows Home Premium features
A
DVD playback Aero ICS IIS 4 GBs x86 RAM 16 GBs x64 RAM
11
Q
Windows 7 Professional features
A
DVD playback Aero ICS IIS Domain membership EFS 4 GB x86 RAM 192 GB x64 RAM
12
Q
Windows Ultimate/Enterprise features
A
DVD playback Aero ICS IIS Domain membership EFS Bitlocker 4 GB x86 RAM 192 GB x64 RAM
13
Q
Aero
A
Windows 7 enhanced graphical interfact
14
Q
ICS
A
Internet Connection Sharing
One computer provides the internet for multiple devices
15
Q
IIS
A
Internet Information Services
Microsoft’s web server
16
Q
EFS
A
Encrypting File System
Filesystem-level encryption of all data
17
Q
Windows XP Home can upgrade to
A
Vista Home Basic
Vista Home Premium
Vista Business
Vista Ultimate
18
Q
Windows XP Professional can upgrade to
A
Vista Business
Vista Ultimate
19
Q
Windows XP Media Center can upgrade to
A
Vista Home Premium
Vista Ultimate
20
Q
Windows Vista Home Basic can upgrade to
A
Windows 7 Home Basic
Windows 7 Home Premium
Windows 7 Ultimate
21
Q
Windows Vista Home Premium can upgrade to
A
Windows 7 Home Premium
Windows 7 Ultimate
22
Q
Windows Vista Business can upgrade to
A
Windows 7 Professional
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 7 Enterprise
23
Q
Windows Vista Ultimate can upgrade to
A
Windows 7 Ultimate
24
Q
Windows Vista Enterprise can upgrade to
A
Windows 7 Enterprise
25
ipconfig
Windows tcp/ip configuration
26
ipconfig /all
Show all tcp/ip details
27
ipconfig /release
Release the DHCP lease
28
ipconfig /renew
Renew the DHCP lease
29
ipconfig /flushdns
Flush the DNS resolver cache
30
Ping
Test reachability to another network node/resource
31
ping
Test reachability to a tcp/ip address
32
ping -t
Ping until stopped with Control-C
33
ping -a
Resolve address to a hostname
34
ping -n
Send a # of echo requests
35
ping -f
Send with Don't Fragment flag set
36
tracert
Determine the route a packet takes to a destination
Takes advantage of ICMP Time to Live Exceeded error message
Not all devices will reply with ICMP Time Exceeded messages
37
nslookup
Lookup information from DNS servers
| Canonical names, IP addresses, cache timers, etc
38
netstat
Network statistics
39
netstat -a
Show active connections
40
netstat -b
show binaries
41
netstat -n
Do not resolve names
42
nbtstat
Query NetBIOS over tcp/ip information
43
nbtstat -n
List local NetBIOS names
44
nbtstat -A
List remote netBIOS names
45
nbstat -a
List remore NetBIOS
46
net
Windows network commands
47
net use
Connect to a resource
48
net view
List available resources
49
net start /net stop
Start or stop Windows services
50
fixmbr [device-name]
Fix the MBR on Windows XP
51
bootrec /fixmbr
Fix the MBR on Windows Vista/7
52
fixboot [drive]
Fix the boot sector on Windows XP
53
bootrec /fixboot
Fix the boot sector on Windows Vista/7
54
diskpart
Disk partitioner
| Replaces the Pre-Windows XP fdisk command
55
format
Format a disk
| Prepares a disk for use by the Operating System
56
chkdsk
Check Disk
57
chkdsk /f
Fixes logical errors on the disk
58
chkdsk /r
Locates bad sectors and recovers information
59
md
Make directory
60
cd
Change directory
61
rd
Remove directory
62
dir
List files and directory in current location
63
del
Remove a file from a directory or disk
64
copy
Duplicates files
65
copy /v
Verifies that new files are written correctly
66
copy /y
Suppresses overwrite prompts
67
xcopy
Copies multiple files and directory trees
68
robocopy
Functionality replaces xcopy
| Designed to handle NTFS file system details
69
tasklist
Displays a list of currently running processes for the local or a remote device
70
taskkill
Terminates tasks by process id (PID) or image name
71
sfc
System File Checker
72
sfc /scannow
Runs the System File Checker
| Scans the integrity of all protected file systems
73
shutdown
Shuts down a computer
74
FAT32
```
File Allocation Table
Native support in Windows 2000 and newer
Some older Windows versions provided limited support
Larger (2 TB) volume sizes
Maximum file size of 4 GBs
```
75
NTFS
NT File System
Windows NT, 2000, XP, Server 2003, Server 2008, Vista, 7
Quotas, file compression, encryption, symbolic links, large file support, security, recoverability
76
CDFS
Compact Disc File System
ISO 9660 standard
All operating systems can read the CD
77
Quick format
Wipes data from the drive and performs no additional checks
78
Full format
Wipes data from the drive
Checks for bad sectors
Time consuming
79
Primary partitions
Bootable partitions
Maximum of four primary partitions per disk
One of the primary partitions can be marked as active
80
Extended partitions
Used for extending the maximum number of partitions
One extended partition per hard disk (optional)
Contains additional logical partitions
Logical partitions inside an extended partition aren't bootable
81
Computer Management
A pre-built Microsoft Management Console
| Includes System Tools, Storage, and Services and Applications
82
Device Manager
View the status of all device drivers
| Enable and disable hardware devices
83
Users and Groups
Manage access to the OS
| Administrators and Guest users
84
Local Security Policy
Administration of security rules
| Password policy, account lockout policy, etc.
85
Performance monitor
Gather long-term statistics
| Set alerts, store statistics
86
Windows Services
Manage background processes
Start, stop, manage automatic start
Start with services.msc
87
System Configuration
msconfig
| Manage boot processes, startup, services, etc.
88
Task scheduler
Schedule an application or batch file
89
Component Services
Device COM+ Management, Event Viewer, Services
90
Data Sources
Administer ODBC drivers and connectivity
91
Print Management
Manage printers from one central console
92
Memory Diagnostics
Perform a hardware check on your RAM (Vista and 7)
93
Windows Firewall
Allows or denies data transfer over the network
| Advanced Security provide additional security options in the rules
94
Task Manager
Real-time system statistics
| CPU, memory, disk access
95
Disk Management
Administer disk-related operations
| Drive status, adding drives, adding arrays
96
Side-by-Side
Simultaneous move between two PCs
97
Wipe-and-Load
Export data, load new OS, and import
98
File and Settings Transfer Wizard
Migrate from Windows 95, 98, 98 SE, ME, NT 4.0, 2000, XP, and Server 2003 to Windows XP
99
Windows Easy Transfer
Migrate from Windows XP, Vista, or 7
100
User State Migration Tool
Command line migration
101
regedit
Registry Editor
| Can be used to backup and restore parts of the registry (hives)
102
Windows Registry
Large master database of Windows settings
| Used by the kernel, drivers, and services
103
mmc
Microsoft Management Console
Build your own management framework
Choose from a list of snap-ins
A number of built in tools to manage Windows
104
mstsc
Microsoft Terminal Services Client
Remote Desktop Connection
Access a desktop on another computer
Commonly used to manage "headless" servers
105
Notepad
View and edit text files
| Can create scripts and web pages
106
Explorer
File management
| View, copy, and launch files
107
msinfo32
Windows System Information
Hardware resources - Memory, DMA, IRQs
Components - Multimedia, input, network
Software environment - Drivers, print jobs
108
dxdiag
DirectX Diagnostics Tools
Manage your DirectX installation
Multimedia API
Generic diagnostic tool for audio and video
109
Internet Options
Windows browser and proxy configuration
110
Display
Resolution options, text size
111
User Accounts
Local user account names and types
112
Folder Options
Manage Windows Explorer options
113
System
Computer information, OS version
114
Security Center
Central security overview
| Anti-virus, anti-spyware, automatic updates
115
Windows Firewall
Control Network Access, protect from attacks
116
Power Options
Manage power use
| Display, storage devices, hibernation options
117
Home Groups
Windows 7
| Easily share documents, pictures, music, video
118
Action Center
Windows 7
| Consolidated alert view for updates and security
119
RemoteApp and Desktop Connections
Windows 7
Remote applications look like they're local
Applications are configured on the server
120
Troubleshooting
Windows 7
| High-level diagnostics
121
Tablet PC settings
Windows Vista
| Handedness, handwriting recognition, display
122
Pen and Input Devices
Windows Vista
| Tap options, pointer options, flicks
123
Offline Files
Windows Vista
| Disk usage, encryption, and network options
124
Problem Reports and Solutions
Windows Vista
| Automatic problem identification
125
Printers
Windows Vista
| Common console for printer management
126
Add/Remove Programs
XP
| Programs, Windows components, program access
127
Network Connections
XP
Local, VPN, serial infrared, etc.
Change Firewall settings
128
Network Setup Wizard
XP
| Step-by-step network setup
129
Printers and Faxes
XP
Start, pause, share printers
Add a fax
130
Automatic Updates
XP
| Security patches, OS updates
131
Wired
Ethernet cable
| The fastest connection is the default route
132
Wireless
Network name - SSID Service Set Identifier
| Use either WPA or WPA2
133
Wireless Wide Area Network
WWAN
| Network using mobile providers
134
Dialup
Uses a modem and standard phone lines
135
VPN Concentrator
Establish a private network from remote locations
| Windows includes a built-in VPN client
136
Speed and Duplex
Auto-negotiate isn't always foolproof
| Both sides must match
137
Wake on LAN
Computer sleeps until needed
| Designed for late-night updates
138
Quality of Service
```
QoS
Prioritize network traffic
Applications, VoIP, video
Infrastructure must support QoS
DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point)
Manage through local computer policy
```
139
Virtualization
```
One computer, many operating systems
Requires extensive resources
• CPU processor support
• Memory to support multiple OS
• Disk space for multiple OS
• Network connection - each OS is virtual
```
140
Host-based virtualization
Your normal desktop plus others
141
Hypervisor
The virtual machine manager
142
Backup types
Full
Differential
Incremental
143
Full backup
Copies everything
144
Differential backup
Copies everything since the last backup
145
Incremental backup
Backup what's changed since the last full or incremental backup
146
S.M.A.R.T.
Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology
| Disk check
147
chkdsk
Logical and physical disk check
148
Defragmentation
Moves fragmented files and makes them contiguous
Graphical version and defrag command
Can use Task Scheduler
149
Windows Updates
Security patches, new features, driver updates
| Automated - download and install or download only
150
Patch management
Testing, scheduling, implementing, and fallback
151
Driver/firmware updates
Typically updated when a problem is discovered
| Many drivers receive updates via Windows Updates
152
Anti-virus updates
Signatures are constantly updated
| Automatic schedule, daily or hourly
153
Anti-virus
An application that protects against viruses and various malware
154
Spyware
Sends personal information and computing habits to others
155
Host-based firewall
Protect against others on the network
| Can view all local applications
156
Network firewall
Filters physical network connections by port number
| Can encrypt and/or proxy
157
Account information
A personal identifier
| Usually combined with additional credentials
158
Password protection
Strong passwords prevent brute-force attacks
| Build passwords with letters, numbers, and special characters
159
User rights and permissions
NTFS file permissions are more granular than FAT
| Assign individual user permissions
160
Hardware locks
Conventional, biometric, electronic, etc.
161
Tailgating
Walking into a building behind someone else
162
Dumpster diving
Digging through the trash to find data
163
Shredding
Prevents discarded documents from being accessible to those looking to steal data
164
Multi-factor Authentication
A secondary source of identity authentication (e.g., a code via text message)
Smart card, USB token, hardware/software token, SMS text
165
Shoulder surfing
Someone watching your activities from over your shoulder
166
Password security
No single words, no obvious passwords
| Use upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters
167
Restrict user permission
Users do no get administrative rights
Assign rights based on groups
Limit access based on job requirements and responsibilities
168
Disable unnecessary accounts
Guest, root, mail, etc.
Disable interactive logins for services
Change the default usernames (e.g., change Administrator)
169
Desktop security
Require a screensaver password that is integrated with login
Disable autorun in XP and Vista in the registry
Consider changing AutoPlay
170
Disk formatting
low level - erases all the data, requires special utilities
| high level - does not erase the data
171
Hard drive security
Remove data with file-level or whole disk data wiping
| Physical drive destruction may be required
172
Google Android
Open Handset Alliance
Open-Source OS based on Linux
Supported on different devices
173
Apple iOS
Apple iPhone and iPad OS
Based on Unix
Exclusive to Apple products
174
Display calibration
Resistive touch screens only
175
Accelerometer
Motion sensor
| Detects orientation of the device
176
Gyroscope
Detects pitch, roll, and yaw
| Multi-axis sensing
177
GPS
Satellite location tracking
Longitude, latitude, and altitude
Provides maps and directions
178
Mobile Wireless Networking
Both WiFi ad Bluetooth
179
Bluetooth
10 meter short-range network
180
Bluetooth pairing
```
Enable Bluetooth on both devices
Set devices to discoverable mode
Select discovered device
Enter or confirm pin
Test connectivity
```
181
iOS Synchronization
Apple iTunes - syncs everything on the phone
Wired or wireless
iCloud - syncs some items
182
Android synchronization
Sync online with Google
| Transfer movies and music over USB
183
Network physical security
Restrict physical access to the devices
| Lock and key, electronic, or biometric
184
Network account info
Change the default usernames and passwords
185
Wireless encryption
Use WPA/WPA2
186
SSID management
Service Set Identifier
Change from default SSID
Consider disabling SSID broadcast
187
MAC address filtering
Media Access Control - the physical address of the NIC
Each NIC has a unique MAC address
Limit access at the network level
Easily spoofed
188
Wireless power restrictions
Limit the strength of your SSID broadcast
189
Automatic IP addressing
Simplifies network administration
190
Disabling ports
Disable all unused ports
| Consider using Network Access Control (NAC) 802.1x
191
Passcode locks
Restricts access to the device
Pin or passphrase
iOS: wipes all data after 10 failed attempts
Android: Locks device and requires Google sign in to unlock
192
Location apps and remote wipe
Uses built-in GPS
Find your mobile device
Make a sound or display a message on the device
Wipe the device
193
Remote backup
Backup to the cloud
No local device required
One-click restoration to a new device
194
Antivirus
iOS: Closed architecture
Android: Apps can be installed from anywhere
Apps run in a sandbox
User controls scope of each app
195
Patching and OS updates
Update regularly for the best security features
196
POP3
Post Office Protocol 3
Downloads mail and deletes it from the server
Used when you only have one mail device
197
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol
Downloads mail to device and does not delete from the mail server
Used when you have multiple mail devices
198
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Sends email
Configured separately from inbound email config
199
Securing email transfers
```
Configure SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
Encrypts email between the device and the server
```
200
Microsoft Exchange
Uses proprietary protocols for sending and receiving email
Includes contacts, calendars, tasks, etc.
Integrates with Active Directory database
201
Gmail
Google's email service
Web, POP, and IMAP
Uses Google Calendar for scheduling
202
Multimeter
Measures voltage, current, resistance for AC and DC
AKA Volt-Ohm Meter
Check power supply voltage, cable continuity
203
Power Supply Tester
Connect inline with devices for detailed power statistics
204
Loopback plug
Used for diagnostics and troubleshooting physical ports
| Determine if a received signal is the same as the sent signal
205
POST test cards
Connects to expansion slots
| Runs diagnostics during boot
206
Troubleshooting Theory Steps
1. Identify the problem
2. Establish a theory of probably cause
3. Test the theory to determine cause
4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and identify potential effects
5. Implement the solution or escalate as necessary
6. Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventative measures
7. Document findings, action, and outcomes
207
Lockups
Check for activity lights
Update/downgrade drivers and software patches
Consider reverting to a restore point
208
POST
Test system components before starting the OS
Failures are noted with beeps and/or codes
Every manufacturer uses different codes
209
Blank screen on boot
Bad video, BIOS configuration issue
| Listen for the beeps
210
Booting to an incorrect device
Set boot order in the BIOS configuration
Confirm that the boot device has a valid OS
Unplug USB devices and/or remove CDs/DVDs
211
Continuous reboots
How far does the boot order process get?
| Try safe mode or OS recovery options
212
The CMOS battery
Bad battery will display messages on every boot
| Can reset the BIOS by removing the battery
213
Excessive heat
Heat generated from CPUs, video adapters, and memory
Check cooling fans and heat sinks
Verify temperatures with monitoring software
214
Noise
Loose components can rattle
Hard drive scraping noises and clicking
Check fans for obstructions
215
Odors
Electrical problems
Always disconnect power
Locate and replace bad components
