Metabolism Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the FIVE complexes of the Electron transport chain?
Complex I: NADH - Q - Oxidasereductase Complex II : FADH - Q - Reductase Complex III: Q Cytochrome C - Reductase Complex IV: Cytochrome C- Oxidase ATP Synthase
When Triglycerdies are broken down by lipases during fasting, what is released?
Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains
What happens to Glycerol during fasting?
In the liver it is converted to dihydroacetone phosphate and therefore can enter the glycolysis or gluneogensis
What happens to the fatty acids during fasting?
In the liver undergo Beta-oxidation to produce NADH & FADH and Acetly Co-A.
Acetly co - A can either enter the krebs cycle or be converted into ketone bodies and released into the blood.
For large chained fatty acids to enter the matrix of the mitrochondria, what must occur?
Addition of a Co-A group to form: Acyl co-A
Once in the outer membrane space, the Acyl Co-A is removed and carnitine is added to allow it pass through the inner membrane.
after which Acyl - Co -A is added again
What is process by which the Acly - coA moves into the mitrochondrial matrix?
Carnitine shuttle
What enzyme adds a carnitine?
Palmtoyiltransferase
What is produced through the krebs cycle of one glucose molecule?
3x NADH2 (2x)
FADH (x2)
ATP (x2)
2x CO2 (x2)
*remember always multiplying by two as there is two krebs cycles happening for every glucose molecule
During starvation, amino acids may be broken down and used as energy. It order to do this, what must be broken off and what is this process called?
The amine group must be broken off to expose the carbon backbone.
Transamination
What acceptor molecule is usually used during transamination and what does it become?
Alpha - Keto - glutarate
Glutamate
What is the fate of glutamate?
In the liver broken down to amonia and secreted as urea
How are fatty acids transported around the blood?
Albumin complex
Lipoproteins
Chlymicrons
How long can an average 70Kg person survive without food for and what is the break down of energy sources used?
98 days
fat = 3 months
Protein = 14 days
If a sprinter is training, doing short burst of intense anaerobic exercise, what will cause fatigue?
Lack of phosphocreatine
Hydrogen proton accumulation
How many ATP molecules are made from one Glucose molecule?
It is thought 38, although the answer is probably closer to 30.
What are the important enzymes during glycolysis?
Hexokinase/ Glucokinase
PFK -1 (and 2)
Pyruvate Kinase
What will inhibit the activity of PFK-1?
^ATP, ^Citrate
Decreased AMP.
What is a powerful stimulation to PFK-1?
F 2,6, P
What produces F 2,6, P?
PKF-2
What is the final product of glycolysis?
pyruvate
What are the products of GlyColysis?
4 ATP (NET of 2) - remember 2 were invested before 2 NADH
Where is ATP made in the glycolysis?
1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate > 3 Phosphoglycerate
Phosphenolpyruvate > pyruvate
What apoprotein is present on the vLDL and chylmicrons?
ApoB
What apoprotein is present on the LDL?
ApoA
