Methods Of Separation

Question 1

Filtration

Answer 1

Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid

Apparatus:
-filter paper (residue)
-funnel
-flask (filtrate)
-beaker (insoluble solid in liquid)

Question 2

Crystallisation

Answer 2

Separates a soluble solid from a liquid

Apparatus:
-bunsen (heat gently to avoid decomposition)
-evaporating basin
-place to cool
-place to dry (oven)

Question 3

Simple distillation

Answer 3

Separates a liquid from a dissolved solution

Apparatus:
-bunsen
-flask (solution)
-bung
-thermometer
-condenser
-beaker

Question 4

Fractional distillation

Answer 4

Separates a mixture into its pure components

Apparatus:
-controlled heater
-fractionating column (slows to vapours)
-flask (mixture)
-bung
-thermometer
-condenser
-beaker (pure liquid eg. Ethanol)

Question 5

Chromatography

Answer 5

Separates two or more dissolved solids from a solution

Apparatus:
-chromatography paper (stationary phase)
-solvent (mobile phase)
-pencil line (insoluble)
-ink

Question 6

Rf value

Answer 6

Distance moved by substance / distance moved by solvent
(more soluble = higher Rf value)