metronidazole

Question 1

metronidazole drug class

Answer 1

Nitroimidazole

Question 2

metronidazole mechanism of action

Answer 2

Inhibits DNA replication by damaging DNA inducing cell death
bactericidal

Question 3

metronidazole is a pro-drug what does this mean

Answer 3

needs to be metabolised into active form in liver

Question 4

metronidazole killing mechanism

Answer 4

○ Concentration dependant killing mechanism - kills at peak concentration, don’t need to hold concentration

Question 5

metronidazole half life

Answer 5

8hrs

Question 6

indications for metronidazole 5

Answer 6

alternative to penicillin

first choice if anaerobes
- Acute necrotising gingivitis, pericoronitis (systemic), dental abscess

Question 7

contraindications for metronidazole

Answer 7

pregnant or breastfeeding

Question 8

side effects of metronidazole

Answer 8

GI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, epigastric distress, abdominal cramping

Unpleasant/altered taste, furred tongue, glossitis, stomatitis, candida

Question 9

metronidazole interactions

Answer 9

alcohol
warfarin

Question 10

how does metronidazole interact with alcohol

Answer 10

blocks conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate causing pt to be violent, off-putting and have a bad hangover

Question 11

how does metronidazole interact with warfarin

Answer 11

Inhibit CYP450 enzymes responsible for metabilising warfarin

Question 12

dose of metronidazole:
mg
hrly
days
route of administration
loading dose

Answer 12

200-400mg
8-12hrly
3-5days
oral
no

Question 13

when is a dose adjustment considered for metronidazole

Answer 13

severe hepatic dysfunction

Question 14

metronidazole resistance

Answer 14

limited in the uk

Question 15

alternatives to metronidazole 3

Answer 15

Clarithromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin

Question 16

metronidazole clearance

Answer 16

hepatic - liver