Micro - Bacteria II

Question 1

catalase

Answer 1

breaks down hydrogen peroxide

to water and O2

Question 2

peroxidase

Answer 2

breaks down H2O2

Question 3

superoxide dismutase

Answer 3

breaks down superoxide radicals

Question 4

obligate aerobes

Answer 4

have all enzymes

use glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC and ox phos

Question 5

facultative anaerobes

Answer 5

are aerobic, but can grown in absence of O2 using fermentation

have catalse and superoxide dismutase

Question 6

microaerophilic bacteria

Answer 6

use fermentation

-can tolerate low oxygen because they have SOD

Question 7

obligate anaerobes

Answer 7

no enzymes

Question 8

gram positive obligate anaerobes

Answer 8

clostridium

Question 9

gram negative obligate anaerobes

Answer 9

bacteriodes

Question 10

gram negative microaerophilic

Answer 10

spirochetes

campylobacter

Question 11

phototrophs

Answer 11

light as energy source

Question 12

chemotrophs

Answer 12

chemical compounds as energy source

Question 13

autotrophs

Answer 13

inorganic sources of energy

Question 14

heterotrophs

Answer 14

use organic sources of energy

Question 15

fermentation

Answer 15

glycolysis

glucose > pyruvic acid + ATP

embden meyerhof pathway

Question 16

respiration

Answer 16

glycolysis
krebs TCA cycle
ETC
ox phos

Question 17

obligate intracellular organisms

Answer 17

must steal ATP from host

chlamydia and rickettsia

Question 18

flagella

Answer 18

protein filament

• for movement
• attached to basal body (which spins flagellum)

Question 19

single polar flagella

Answer 19

vibrio cholera

Question 20

many peritrichous flagella

Answer 20

all around the cell

E. coli
proteus mirabilis

Question 21

no flagella

Answer 21

shigella

Question 22

periplasmic flagella

Answer 22

spirochetes

Question 23

pili

Answer 23

non-motile and shorter

-adherence factors

Question 24

neisseria gonorrhea

Answer 24

pili allowing it to attach to cervical cells and buccal cells to cause gonorrhea

Question 25

bordetella pertussis

Answer 25

adhesion to ciliated respiratory cells whooping cough

Question 26

capsules

Answer 26

protective cell walls | -simple sugar residues

Question 27

amino acid residue

Answer 27

bacillus anthracis

Question 28

india ink stain

Answer 28

not taken up by capsule -so it appears as a halo used to identify cryptococcus

Question 29

quellung reaction

Answer 29

bacteria mixed with Abs for capsule | -causes capsule to swell with water

Question 30

endospores

Answer 30

dormant forms of bacteria resistant to environment in bacillus and clostridium

Question 31

exosporium

Answer 31

outer layer of endospore

Question 32

biofilm

Answer 32

extracellular polysaccharide network allows binding - ex. prosthetics

Question 33

staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 33

biofilms on IV catheters and can then lead to bacteremia

Question 34

facultative intracellular organisms

Answer 34

survive within cells unharmed | -inhibit phagolysosome-lysosome fusion

Question 35

Listen Sally Yer Friend Bruce Must Leave Now

Answer 35

``` Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella typhi Yersinia Francisella tulaneris Brucella Mycobacterium Legionella Nocardium ``` **facultative intracellular organisms

Question 36

exotoxins

Answer 36

released by most gram + and gram - vibrio cholera and E. coli ex/ anthrax, botulism, tetanus, cholera

Question 37

vibrio cholera

Answer 37

gram negative

Question 38

enterotoxins

Answer 38

exotoxins that cause GI symptoms | -diarrhea

Question 39

food poisoning

Answer 39

bacteria grown in food and release enterotoxin ingested food causes diarrhea and vomiting less than 24 hours bacillus cereus staph aureus

Question 40

pyrogenic exotoxins

Answer 40

release cytokines causing rash, fever, TXX staph aureus streptococcus pyogenes

Question 41

tissue invasive exotoxins

Answer 41

allow bacteria to destroy and tunnel through tissue

Question 42

B H A L

Answer 42

binding holding action laser **exotoxins

Question 43

lipid A

Answer 43

part of outer membrane LPS in gram negative very toxic -can lead to shock