Micro - Gram Negative Bacteria VII

Question 1

gram negative obligate intracellular parasites

Answer 1

chlamydia - needs to steal ATP

rickettsia - can oxidize certain molecules to ATP

Question 2

how to culture chlamydia and rickettsia

Answer 2

usually into embryo yolk sac

bc they can’t make ATP

Question 3

chlamydia

Answer 3

gram negative
-no peptidoglycan layer and no muramic acid

likes columnar epithelial cells
-conjunctivits, cervicitis, pneumonia

Question 4

chlamydia life cycle

Answer 4

elementary body (EB) - does not divide

• attaches and enters columnar epithelial cells
• inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion and grows

initial body (reticulate body) - EB RNA increase and split by binary fission
-some back to EB - released from cell

Question 5

species of chlamydia

Answer 5

trachomatis - eyes, genitals lungs

psittaci and pneumonia - lungs

Question 6

chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 6

eyes and genitals

Question 7

trachoma

Answer 7

chronic conjunctivitis

-from chlamydia trachomatis

Question 8

most common cause of preventable blindness in world

Answer 8

trachoma

-native americans frequently infected

Question 9

most common STD in US

Answer 9

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 10

inclusion conjunctivitis

Answer 10

babies delivered in birth canals with chlamydia trachomatis

-purulent yellow discharge and swelling of eyelids 5-14 days after birth

Question 11

diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 11

basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

Question 12

4-11 weeks old - upper respiratory symptoms followed by rapid breathing, cough, and resp distress

Answer 12

infant pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachomatis

Dx - confirmed by presence of anti-chlamydia IgM Abs

Question 13

most common cause of urethritis

Answer 13

non-gonnococcal
-chlamydia trachomatis and ureaplasma urealyticum

second cause - neisseria gonorrhea

Question 14

diagnosis for gonorrhea and chlamydia

Answer 14

nucleic acid amplification test

-PCR

Question 15

PID

Answer 15

caused by both chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhea

PD shuffle
chandelier sign

can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain

Question 16

unilateral scrotal swelling, tenderness, pain, with fever

Answer 16

chlamydial epididymitis

Question 17

reiters syndrome

Answer 17

inflammatory arthritis of large joints
-young men - aged 20-40

caused by chlamydia trochamitis

Question 18

fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome

Answer 18

infection of liver capsule with Sx of RUQ pain in men and women

-either cylamydia or gonoccocal infection

Question 19

lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 19

caused by chlamydia trachomatis

• painless bump on genitals that heals
• migrate to regional nodes - tender and may break open

Question 20

psittacosis

Answer 20

caused by chlamydia psittaci
-common with bird breeders, vets, pet shop workers, poultry slaughterhouse workers

atypical pneumonia

Question 21

atypical pneumonia in bird handler

Answer 21

chlamydia psittaci

-psittacosis

Question 22

atypical pneumonia

Answer 22

viruses
mycobacterium pneumoniae
chlamydophila

Question 23

TWAR

Answer 23

species of chlamydophila pneumonia

• causes atypical pneumonia
• original isolation in taiwan

Question 24

small, non-motile, gram negative rod

Answer 24

rickettsia
-obligate intracellular parasite

requires arthropod vector

Question 25

tropism for endothelial cells

Answer 25

rickettsia

Question 26

Weil felix test

Answer 26

uses proteus vulgaris antigens to confirm rickettsial diagnosis Ox-2, Ox-19, Ox-K

Question 27

rockettsia rockettsii

Answer 27

rocky mountain spotted fever -tick bite fever, conjunctival redness, headache, rash wrists and ankles to soles and palms then to trunk most in south east US -often resolves - can result in death

Question 28

fever, conjunctival redness, headache, rash on soles of feet and palms

Answer 28

rocky mountain spotted fever | -positive Ox-2 and Ox-19

Question 29

rickettsialpox

Answer 29

caused by rickettsia akaria -transmitted via mites initial localized skin bump turns to blister - fever and headache develop - vesicles appear all over body

Question 30

epidemic typhus

Answer 30

caused by rickettsial prowazekii -positive Ox-19 -flying squirrel reservoir abrupt fever, headache - small pink macules on upper trunk - then entire body - spares palms, soles, and face

Question 31

epidemic

Answer 31

sudden onset and rapid spread of infection

Question 32

endemic

Answer 32

infection existing constantly throughout population

Question 33

brill-zinsser disease

Answer 33

rickettsia prowazekii breaks out of latent state -no skin rash** diagnosis - rise in IgG for ricketsia prowazekii IgM - occurs in primary infection

Question 34

endemic typhus

Answer 34

rickettsia typhi - flea born - fever, headache, flat bumpy rash develops

Question 35

tsutsugamushi fever

Answer 35

caused by rickettsia tsutsugamushi -asian and southwest pacific spread by chiggers (larvae) of mites - high fever, headache, scab at original bite site - flat bumpy rash develops

Question 36

traveler returns from sub-saharan africa with unexplained fever

Answer 36

rickettsia africae

Question 37

trench fever

Answer 37

caused by bartonella quintana -not an obligate intracellular organism - high fever, rash, headache, severe back and leg pain - recover - then relapse 5 days later - multiple relapses

Question 38

high fever, rash, headache, severe back and leg pain | -recover, then relapse five days later

Answer 38

trench fever | -bartonella quintana

Question 39

cat-scratch disease

Answer 39

bartonella henselae - follows cat scratch of bite - low grade fever and malaise

Question 40

Q fever

Answer 40

coxiella burnetti no endospore form - resistant to heat and drying - extracellular existence - outside host cell - non-arthropod transmission - mild pneumonia may develop - no rash abrupt fever and soaking sweats with pneumonia

Question 41

cylamydia serotypes

Answer 41

A,B,C - trachoma - scarring inside eyelid D-K - inclusion conjunctivitis, nongonococcal urethritis, PID

Question 42

diagnosis of urethritis

Answer 42

PCR of urethral swap or urine sample

Question 43

positive Ox-K

Answer 43

rickettsia tsutsugumashi

Question 44

positive Ox-19

Answer 44

rickettsia prowazekii or rickettsia typhi