Micro - Gram Negative Bacteria II

Question 1

enterics

Answer 1

gram negative bacteria part of normal intestinal flora

Question 2

biochem properties of enterics

Answer 2

ability to ferment lactose

production of H2S

Question 3

EMB agar

Answer 3

methylene blue inhibits gram positives
those that ferment lactose - deep purple to black

E. coli - metallic green sheen

Question 4

gram negatives that ferment lactose

Answer 4

E. coli and most of enterobacteriaceae

Question 5

cannot ferment lactose

Answer 5

salmonella, shigella, pseudomonas aeuriginosa

Question 6

macconkey agar

Answer 6

bile salts inhibit gram positive

lactose fermenters develop pink-purple coloration

Question 7

determining fecal contamination of water

Answer 7

presumptive test - test tube with lactose
-if ferment- continue

confirmed test - streak water on EMB
-E. coli should show up metallic green

completed test - green colonies in lactose broth again - if produce acid and gas, know you have E. coli

Question 8

E. coli

Answer 8

coliform

-normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract

Question 9

enteric surface antigens

Answer 9

O - differs among organisms
K - capsule
H - bacterial flagella

Question 10

watery diarrhea without systemic symptoms

Answer 10

no cell invasion
-caused by exotoxin release in GI tract

enterotoxigenic E. coli and vibrio cholera

Question 11

diarrhea with local white blood cell infiltrates in stool and fever as well as RBCs in stool

Answer 11

invasion of intestinal epithelium has occured

enteroinvasive E. coli, shigella, salmonella enteritidis

Question 12

diarrhea with fever, headache, and white blood cell count elevation systemically

Answer 12

invasion of lymph nodes and blood stream

salmonella typhi
yersinia enterocolitica
campylobacter jejuni

Question 13

E. coli cause disease

Answer 13

when get genes for virulence factors

can lead to diarrhea, UTI, neonatal meningitis, gram negative sepsis

Question 14

montezumas revenge

Answer 14

travelers diarrhea

in adults and children

caused by E. coli

Question 15

different types of E. coli

Answer 15

named based on virulence factors

Question 16

enterotoxigenic E. coli

Answer 16

ETEC

travelers diarrhea

heat labile toxin
heat stable toxin

stool like rice water - like cholera

Question 17

enterhemorrhagic E. coli

Answer 17

EHEC

shiga-like toxin

bloody diarrhea, severe cramps

Question 18

hemorrhagic colitis

Answer 18

blood diarrhea

caused by EHEC

Question 19

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Answer 19

anemia
thrombocytopenia
renal failure

EHEC - E coli 0157:H7

from infected hamburger meat

Question 20

enteroinvasive E coli

Answer 20

EIEC
-same disease caused by shigella

bacteria invades epithelial cells

fever with bloody diarrhea with WBCs

Question 21

cholera diarrhea

Answer 21

rice water

Question 22

shigellosis diarrhea

Answer 22

bloody with white cells

Question 23

pili virulence factor in E. coli

Answer 23

can travel up urethra

• infect baldder - cystitis
• infect kidney - pyelonephritis

Question 24

most common cause of urinary tract infection

Answer 24

E. coli

usually in women and hospitalized patients with catheters

Question 25

dysuria, frequency, and feeling of fullness over bladder

Answer 25

UTI | -most common - E. coli

Question 26

Dx of UTI

Answer 26

greater than 100,000 colonies of bacteria in urine

Question 27

most common cause of neonatal meningitis

Answer 27

1 - group B strep | 2 - E. coli

Question 28

most common cause of gram negative sepsis

Answer 28

E. coli due to lipid A of LPS second is klebsiella

Question 29

klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 29

causes sepsis also UTIs in hospitalized patients with foley catheters also pneumonia - especially hospitalized patients and alcoholics - get associated bloody sputum

Question 30

thick sputum that looks like red currant jelly with pneumonia

Answer 30

klebsiella | high mortality

Question 31

proteus mirabilis

Answer 31

very motile -can break down urea cross reacing antigens with rickettsia

Question 32

UTI with alkaline pH

Answer 32

proteus mirabilis

Question 33

antigens cross react in proteus mirabilis and rickettsia

Answer 33

OX-19, OX-2, OX-K

Question 34

enterobacter

Answer 34

mobile, gram-negative rod

Question 35

bright red pigment and causes UTIs, wound infections, and pneumonia

Answer 35

serratia

Question 36

shigella

Answer 36

four species - dysenteriae, flexneri, boydii, sonnei - all non-motile - no flagella - no lactose fermenting - no H2S production

Question 37

differentiate shigella, E. coli, salmonella

Answer 37

shigella - no lactose, no H2S E. coli - lactose, no H2S salmonella - no lactose, H2S

Question 38

dysentery in preschool age children and in nursing homes

Answer 38

shigella

Question 39

always a pathogen

Answer 39

shigella and salmonella

Question 40

shiga toxin

Answer 40

causes cell destruction | -inhibits ribosome 60S - no protein synthesis - cell death

Question 41

Vi antigen

Answer 41

on salmonella | -protects from attack on O antigen by antibodies

Question 42

salmonella

Answer 42

non-lactose fermenter motile produces H2S lives in GI tract of animals

Question 43

eat uncooked chicken eggs

Answer 43

salmonella

Question 44

salmonella typhi

Answer 44

typhoid fever | -carried only by humans

Question 45

fever, headache, abdomen pain (diffuse or RLQ), diarrhea, rose spots rash on abdomen

Answer 45

typhoid fever salmonella typhi

Question 46

carrier of salmonella typhi

Answer 46

stored in gallbladder | -can spread

Question 47

salmonella choleraesuis

Answer 47

affects lung, brain, bone no GI involvement

Question 48

patients with no spleen

Answer 48

difficulty clearing encapsulated bacteria susceptible to salmonella

Question 49

sickle cell anemia

Answer 49

prone to salmonella osteolyelitis bone infection

Question 50

most common type of salmonella infection

Answer 50

diarrhea | -nausea, abdomen pain, diarrhea (watery or mucous and trace blood)