Viruses I

Question 1

positive RNA virus

Answer 1

like mRNA

-can be translated directly to proteins

Question 2

negative RNA virus

Answer 2

need to be transcribed to mRNA first

-carry RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in their capsid

Question 3

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

Answer 3

in negative RNA viruses - necessary to transcribe the negative RNA to mRNA that can be translated to proteins

Question 4

virus structure

Answer 4

protein coat - capsid
-surrounds genetic material

• some viruses further enclosed by lipid bilayer with glycoproteins
• EITHER DNA OR RNA

Question 5

retroviruses

Answer 5

RNA virus
-can incorporate into host DNA

has reverse transcriptase - viral RNA to DNA

Question 6

retroviridae

Answer 6

only viruses with double stranded RNA genome

Question 7

viruses have the genetic material

Answer 7

but not the enzymes to build replicas

Question 8

most DNA viruses

Answer 8

have a negative and positive strand

Question 9

negative strand of DNA viruses

Answer 9

read, while positive ignored

Question 10

parvoviruses

Answer 10

have single stranded DNA

Question 11

capsomer

Answer 11

building block of capsid

-globular protein

Question 12

icosahedron

Answer 12

20 triangles of capsomers to form capsid

Question 13

helical

Answer 13

capsomers bound to RNA

-colied into helical nucleoprotein capsule

Question 14

naked virus

Answer 14

no membrane

Question 15

enveloped virus

Answer 15

has membrane

Question 16

size of pathogens

Answer 16

viruses are tiny
bacteria larger
-mycoplasm - smallest bacteria

Question 17

HHAPPPy

Answer 17

herpes
hepadna
adeno
papova
parvo
pox

DNA viruses**

Question 18

most DNA viruses

Answer 18

double strand
icosahedral symmetry
replicate in nucleus

Question 19

parvoviridae

Answer 19

single strand of DNA

Question 20

poxviridae

Answer 20

double strand DNA

• not icosahedral
• surrounded by complex protein box
• replicates in cytoplasm

Question 21

DNA viruses with envelopes

Answer 21

herpes
hepadna
pox

Question 22

DNA viruses that are naked

Answer 22

papova
adeno
parvo

Question 23

most RNA viruses

Answer 23

single stranded
enveloped
helical symmetry
replicate in cytoplasm

Question 24

outcome of viral infection

Answer 24

1 cell death
2 transformation - uncontrolled growths
3 latent infection
4 chronic slow infection

Question 25

orthomyxoviridae

Answer 25

all influenza viruses

Question 26

paramyxoviridae

Answer 26

``` parainfluenza resp syncytial virus metapneumovirus mumps measles ```

Question 27

high fevers, chills, headaches, malaise, myalgias, dry cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea

Answer 27

influenza

Question 28

secondary bacterial pneumonia with influenza

Answer 28

staph aureus haemophilus influenza strep pneumoniae

Question 29

8 segments of negative RNA - spherical - outer membrane with HA and NA - M-protein anchors

Answer 29

orthomyoxyviridae

Question 30

M-protein

Answer 30

membrane proteins in orthoxymyoxyviridae anchoring HA and NA

Question 31

hemagglutinin activity

Answer 31

in orthoxymyoxyviridae - can attach to host sialic acid receptors - on surface of RBCs - clumping - also on upper resp tract - activate fusion - necessary for viral absorption

Question 32

neuraminidase activity

Answer 32

cleaves neuraminic acid in mucin - on epithelial - exposes sialic acid receptor

Question 33

antigenic drift

Answer 33

with influenza - small mutations in HA and NA - new for immune system

Question 34

type of influenza attacking humans

Answer 34

type A

Question 35

antigen shift

Answer 35

complete change of HA and NA in influenza -trading of RNA segments between animal and human strains -responsible for pandemics

Question 36

recent influenza pandemic strains

Answer 36

H1N1 (swine) now H7N9 (avian)

Question 37

complications of flu

Answer 37

spreads to lower respiratory tract -pneumonia infections - staph aureus - strep pneumonia

Question 38

reyes syndrome

Answer 38

children given aspirin when have flu | -liver and brain disease

Question 39

children with flu

Answer 39

give acetaminophen -not aspirin reyes syndrome -liver and brain disease

Question 40

bird flu

Answer 40

H5N1 -pandemic threat exposure - diseased chicken or duck exposure

Question 41

high fever, headache, myalgias, abdomen pain, rhinorrhea, cough, SOB, sputum, clinical pneumonia with diffuse patchy infiltrates progressing to consolidation more than one lung zone

Answer 41

H5N1 | -bird flu

Question 42

diagnosis of H5N1

Answer 42

RT-PCR

Question 43

H7N9

Answer 43

avian origin | -threat for pandemic