Micro bugs Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
chocolate agar stain
A
H influenza
+ factor V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
2
Q
Thayer-Martin agar
A
Neisseria (gonorrhea and meningitidis)
-Vancomysin (nhibits gram +)
Trimethop[rim Colistin Nystasin (inhibts fungi)
“very typically cultures Neisseria
3
Q
Bordet Gengou agar
Rgan lowe medium
A
B pertussis
4
Q
tellurite agat,
loffler medium
A
C Diptheria
5
Q
Lowenstein-jenson aga
A
M tuberculosis
6
Q
Eatan agar
A
mpneumonia-requires cholesterol
7
Q
Maconkey
A
lactose fermentors
8
Q
eosin methylene blue agar
A
e coli
9
Q
charcoal yeast extract with cysteine and iron
A
legionella
10
Q
sabaroud agar
A
fungi
11
Q
anaerobes
A
fusobacterium clostridium bacteroides actinomyces
12
Q
nocardia pseudomonas mycobacterium tuberculosis
A
aerobes
13
Q
obligate intracellular
A
chlamydia rickettsia coxiella
14
Q
faculatative intracellular
A
salmonella neisseria brucella mycobacterium listeria franciesella yersinia
15
Q
encapsulated
A
shine skis strep pneumo h. influ (a-f subtypes) neisseria meningit (lipooligosaccharide capsule) e coli (K capsule) salmonella (Vi capsule) klebsiella polysaccharide capsule group B strep
16
Q
protein A
A
s aureus binds Fc region of IgG preventing opsonization and phagocytosis
17
Q
IgA protease
A
H flu Strep pneumo neisseria
-cleaves IgA and allows mucosal colonization
18
Q
M protein
A
s pyogenes
- helps prevent phagopcystosis
- implicated in rheumatic fever
19
Q
diptheriae toxin
A
inhibits protein synthesis-inactivated elongation factor 2
20
Q
exotoxin A
A
pseudomonas,
inhibits protein synthesis
inactivates elongation factor 2
21
Q
shiga toxin
A
inhibits protein synthesis
inativated 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
22
Q
shiga like toxin (verotoxin)
A
EHEC
-inhibits protein synthesis
inactivated 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
23
Q
Heat Labile toxin
A
ETEC
increases fluid secretion
overacitvated adenylalte cyclase increasing cAMP
-increase Cl secretion and H20 following
24
Q
heat stabile toxin
A
EHEC
-increases fluid secrestion
overactivated cGMP decfaeseing resorption of Nacl and H20 in the gut
25
edema toxin
bacillus anthracis
- incrases fluid secretion
- mimics adenylate cyclase increasing cAMP
26
cholera toxin
vibrio cholera
overacitvated adenylate cyclase increasing cAMP by permanently activating Gs subunit increasing CL secretion and H20 in the gut
27
pertussis toxin
Bordetella pertussis
| overactivated adenylate cyclase by diabling Gi imparing phagocytopsis to permit survival of the microbe
28
tetanospamin
c tetani
inhibits nt release
protease that inhibits SNARE-which is required for vesicular fusion and release of NTs
-prevents GABA release
29
botulinum toxin
c botulinim
inhibts Nt relsease
protease that inhibts SNARE-which is required for nt release and vesicular formation
-prevents Ach release
30
alpha toxin
c perfringes
lyses cell membrase
phospholipase/lecithinase that degrades tissues and cell membrans
31
streptolysin A
s pyogenes
lyses cell membranes
(antibodies against toxin used to diagnose rheumatic fever)
32
endotoxin
LPS found in outer membrane of all gram -
-activates macrophages-Il1-fever, TNA alpha-fever hyp[otension, NO-hypotension
-activates complement -C3a-hypotenstion/edema
c5a-neutrophil chemotaxia
activates tissue factor-coagulation cascasde-DIC
33
bacteria with lysogenic phage
```
shigA like toxin
botulinum toxin
cholera toxin
diptheria toxin
erythrogenic toxin of s pyogenes
```
34
CAMP factor production/hippurate test +
GBS
| -produces CAMP factor and increases area of hemolysis formed by S aureus
35
superantigens
tss by s aureus
| exotoxin A by s pyogenes
36
dextrans
made by s viridans-bind fibrin and platelet aggregates
37
biliary tract and subacute endocarditis
enterococci
| group D strep
38
subacute endocarditis and colon cancer
s bovis
| group D srep
39
elek test
tests c diptheriae toxin
40
spore forming bacteria
bacillus
clostridium
coxiella (Q fever)
41
polypeptide capsule
D glutamate
| anthrax
42
mediastinitis, pulm hemorrhage, shock
b. anthrax
43
reheated rice
bacillus cerues
cerulide preformed toxin emetic 1-5hr
diarrhea and GI pain 8-18 hr
44
cold deli meat
listeria
intracellular
"rocket tails"
tumbling mobility
45
only gram + that has endotoxin
listeria
46
yellow sulfur granules
actinomyces
- oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts, sulfur granules
tx: penicllin
47
cord factor
in virulent mycobacteria
| -inhibits macrophage maturation and induces release of tna alpha
48
m scrofulaceum
cervical lymphadenitis in kids
49
m marinum
hand infection in aquarium handlers
50
pneumonia with hyponatremia
legionella
51
pyocyanin
green-blue pigment produced by pseudomonas
52
ecthyma gangrenosum
rapidly progressive necrotic cutaneous lesion baused by pseudomonas
53
burn victims
pseudomonas
54
CF
pseudomonas
| -mucoid polysaccharide
55
hot tub folliculitis
pseudomonas
56
EIEC
invasive E coli like shigella
57
ETEC
produces heat stabile and heat labile toxines-travelers diarrhea, watery
58
EPEC
adheres to apical surface
| in pediatrics
59
EHEC
shiga toxin producing 0157:H7
-hemolytic uremic syndrome
-acute renal failre, anemia, thrombocytopenia
microthombi on damaged endothelium
-
-non sorbital fermenting (differentiates it from other ecoli)
60
asp pneumonia, abscess in lung and liver, alcoholics, diAbetics
klebsiellaaaa
| -lobar or upper pneumonia
61
currante jelly sputum
kelbsiella
62
K 1 polysaccharide capsule
e coli-pneumonia
63
fimbriae
e coli
| uti
64
rose spots on abdomen, constipation, abdominal pain, fever
typhoid fever
salmonella thyphoid
-can invade gallbladder and cause carrier state-excreted with bile in feces
65
Vi capsule
salmonella typhi (im vaccine has Vi capsular polysacchardie)
66
beta hemolytic
s aureus
listeria
gas s pyogenes
gbs s agalactiae
67
key to shigella pathogenicity
invasion
| -even if produce little to no toxin still virleunt
68
spirochetes
borrelia (big), leptospira and treponema
69
weil disease
icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis
| -jaundice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfunction, fever, hemorrhage and anemia
70
water contaminated with animal urine
leptospirosis-flulike symptoms, myalgia (calves), jaundice, photophobia with conjunctival suffusion (erythema with no exudate,) surfers and in tropics
71
maculopapular rash wtih constitutional symptoms, on palsm and soles, condylomata lata
secondary syphilis
72
latent syphillis
+ serology with no symptoms
73
gummas
aortitis
tabes dorsalis
chronic granulomas
vasa vasorum destruction
+ argyll robertson pupil-consticts with accomodation but nonreactive to light
-borad based ataxia, + romberg, charcot joints, stroke without htn
TERTIARY syphillis
74
rhagades (linear scars at angle of mouth,) nasal discharge, saddle nose, notched teeth, mulberry molars, short maxilla, saber shins CN VIII deafness
congenital syphillis
75
jarisch herxheimer reaction
flu-like syndrome after antibiotics are started-due to killed bacteria (usually spirochetes) releasing endotoxins
76
monocytes with morulae in cytoplasm
erlichiosis
| tick vector
77
granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm
anaplasmosis
| tick is vector
78
Q fever
pneumonia
coxiella burnetii (no arthropod vector)
-inhaled as aeorsols from cattle/sheep
-culture - endocarditis
79
most common cause of culture negative endocartitis
coxiella burnetii
80
chlamydia A,B,C
chronic,
| cause blindness in Africa due to follicular conjunctivits
81
chlamydia D-K
urethritis, PID
82
chlamydia L1, L2, L3
lymphogranuloma venereum
| -samll; painless ulcers on genitals
83
cold agglutinis
```
mycoplasma oneumonia
walking pneumonia
military recturits
can lyse RBCs grow on eaton agar
can ccause SJS
joint pain
no cell wall-phosphplipid bilauer
```
84
india ink mucicarmine
cyrptococcus
85
rhinocerebral/frontal lobe abscesses, cavernous sinus thrombosis
mucor and rhizopus
| -in diabetic pts
86
chorioretinitis hydrocephalous intracranial calcifications
congenital toxo
| -cysts in meat oocytes in cat feces
87
enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, coma
african sleeping sickness
- due to trypanosoma brucie
- caused by tsetse fly-painful bite
88
48 hr cycle with dormant form
p vivax/ovale
hypnozoite dormant form in liver
-add primaquine to treatment for hypnozoite
89
severe/irregular malaria cycle
p. falciparum
-severe irregular patterns, parasitized RBCs-cerebral malaria in capillaries, kidneys, lungs
-
90
malarial 72 hr cycle
p. malariae
| -
91
schuffner stippling
red granules in RBC seen in P vivax/ovale
92
malaria treatment
```
chloroquine (blocks heme polymerase)
-if resistant use mefloquine/atovaquone/proguanil
if life threatening
-iv quinidine, artesunate
if Pvivax/ovale
add primaquine for hypnozoite
```
93
unilateral periorbital swellin
```
romana signs
chagas
trypansoma cruzi
reduviid bug
tx benznidazole or nifurtimox
```
94
visceral leishmaniasis
spiking fevers, HSM, pancytopenia
sandfly bus
-macrophages with amastigotes
95
green vag dc
trichomonas vaginalic (vs gardinella (BV)white dc)
-strawberry cervix
trophozoites(motile) on wet mount
96
intestinal infection with ileocecal valve obstruction
ascaris lumbricoides
| -tx bendazole
97
intestinal infection that may feel like PUD
stronglyoides
| -tx bendazole
98
anal pruritus
enterobius vermicularis
| -tx bendazoles
99
intestinal infection with anemia
ancylostoma duodenalse, necator americanus
-hookworms
tx bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
100
fecer vomiting nausea periorbital edema myalgia
trichinois-eat undercooked meat-pork
- trichinella spiralis
- larva enter eintestine and bloodsteram an dencyst in striated muscle cells
101
hyperpigmented skin and river blindess
onchocera volvulus
- female blackfly bite
- tx ivermectine (ivermectin for river blindness)
102
swellin g in skin, workm in conjunctiva
loa loa
- deer fly, horse fly, mango fly
- tx: diethylcarbamazine
103
elephantitis
worms block lymph vessles
- female mosquito
tx: dietthylcarbamazine
104
viscieral larva migrans
toxocara canis
| tx bendazoles
105
t solium/d latum/
neurocystocercosis
b12 def-megaloblastic anemia
tx: praziquanteal
106
hydatid cysts in liver
echinococcus granlusos-must inject cyst with ethanol or hyp[ertonic saline before resection
- (tapeworm like d latum and t solium)
- tx albendazole
107
painless hematuria and pulm htn
schistomsoma
-s mansoni
s haematobium-scc of the bladder
tx: praziquantel
108
pigmented gallstones
```
clonorchis sirence
-undercooked fish
-biliary tract inflammation leading to pigmented gallstones
cholangiocarcinoma
tx: praziquantel
```
109
live vax
```
small pox
yellow fever
rotavirus
chicken pox
sabin polio virus
MMR
influenza
```
110
killed vax
rabies
influenza
salk polio
HAV vax
111
high fever, black vomitus, jaundice
| councilman bodies
yellow fever virus
-flavivirus
councilman bodies: eosinohpilic apoptotic globules on liver biopsy
112
most impt cause of infantile gastroenteritis
rotavirus
-dsRNA (reovirus)
in daycare centers, kindergartens
113
hemagglutinin
inflenza-promotes viral entry
114
neuramidase
promotes progeny virion release
115
genetic shift
reassortment of viral genome segments
| -causes pandemics
116
genetic drift
minor changed based on random mutation in hemagglutinin or neuramindase genes
-causes epidemics
117
postauricular lyphadenopathy
rubella virus
118
surface F
fursion protein in paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza, rsv, measles, mumps) causes resp endothelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated giant cells
-palivizumab is monoclonal antibpdy against this given to neonates
119
SSPE
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- occurs years after measles infection
- cough, corysa, koplik spots,
120
complications of measles
pnuemonia,SSPE, encephalitis
121
parotitis orchitis meningitis
mumps-paramyxovirus
122
negri bodies
cytoplasmic inclusions
| found in purkinje cells of injected rabies virus
123
councilman bodies
in yellow fever virus and hepatitis
124
env
```
gp120/gp41
-formed from cleavage of gp160
-envelope glycoproteins
gp120 attaches to CD4+ T cell
gp 41 necessary for fusion and entry
```
125
gag
p 24-capsid protein
126
pol
reverse transcriptase, synthesizes DNA from RNA dsDNA integrates into host genome
127
PDA cataracts deafness
congenital rubella
128
periventricular calcifications hearing loss seizures petechial rash
CMV congenital
129
intracellular bacteria
chlamydia legionella listeria mycobacterium neisseria nocardia rickettsia salmonella
130
fitz high curtis syndrome
PID leading to infection of the liver capsule and violin string adhesions of the peritoneum to the liver
