Micro chapter 7 (unit 3)

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

“Self feeder” is an organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source

Question 2

Hydrogen source

Answer 2

1) maintaining pH
2) forming hydrogen bonds between molecules
3) serving as a source of free energy in oxidation reduction reactions of respirations

Question 3

Growth factor

Answer 3

An organic compound such as an amino acid, nitrogenous base, or vitamin that cannot be synthesized by an orGanism and must be provided as a nutrient

Question 4

Photoautotroph

Answer 4

Photosynthetic
Sunlight
Capture the energy of light rays and transform it into chemical energy that can be used in cell metabolism

Question 5

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 5

Simple inorganic chemicals

Question 6

Saprobes

Answer 6

Free living micro organisms that feed primarily on organic detritus from dead organisms.

Question 7

Diffusion

Answer 7

Atoms or molecules move in a gradient from an area of higher density or concentration to an area of lower density or concentrations

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membranes

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

The environment is equal in solute concentration to the cells internal environment, there is no change in cell volume

Question 10

Hypotonic

Answer 10

The solute concentration of the external environment is lower than that of the cells internal environment

Question 11

Hypertonic

Answer 11

Environment has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm

Question 12

Osmotic pressure

Answer 12

Hypertonic will force water to diffuse out of the cell

Question 13

Solvent

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

Solute

Answer 14

Adding in

Solid, liquid

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

Utilizes a carrier protein that will bind a specific substance

Question 16

Heterotroph

Answer 16

An organism that must obtain it’s carbon in an organic form

Question 17

Macronutrients

Answer 17

Relatively large quantities and play principal roles in a cell structure and metabolism

Question 18

Trace elements

Answer 18

Also called micronutrients
Manganese, zinc, and nickel we present in much smaller amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance to protein structure

Question 19

Active transport

Answer 19

The transport of nutrients against the diffusion gradient or in the same direction as the natural gradient but at a rate faster than by diffusion alone
Presence of specific membrane proteins
The expenditure of energy

Question 20

Endocytosis

Answer 20

The process whereby solid and liquid materials are taken into the cell through membrane invagination and engulfment into a vesicle

Question 21

Exocytosis

Answer 21

This process that releases enveloped viruses from the membrane of the hosts cytoplasm

Question 22

Phagocytosis

Answer 22

A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane actively engulfs large particles or cells into a vesicle

Question 23

Pinocytosis

Answer 23

The engulfment or endocytosis, of liquids by extensions of the cell membrane

Question 24

Halophile

Answer 24

A microbe whose growth is either stimulated by salt or requires a high concentration of salt for growth

Question 25

Mesophile

Answer 25

Microorganisms that grow at intermediate temperatures

Question 26

Thermophile

Answer 26

A microorganism that thrives at a temperature of 50 degrees C or higher

Question 27

Psychrophile

Answer 27

A micro organisms that thrives at low temperatures 0-20 degrees with a temperature optimum of 0-15 C

Question 28

Extremophiles

Answer 28

Organisms capable of living in harsh environments, such as extreme heat or cold

Question 29

Aerobe

Answer 29

A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of oxygen

Question 30

Anaerobic

Answer 30

A microorganism that grows best without oxygen

Question 31

Microaerophile

Answer 31

An anaerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere

Question 32

Pathogen

Answer 32

Any agent ( usually a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth) that causes disease

Question 33

Generation time

Answer 33

Time required for a complete fission cycle- from parent cell to two new daughter cells

Question 34

Organic compound

Answer 34

Dry weight of a microbial cell

Question 35

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 35

The presence of oxygen is not obligatory

Question 36

Parasitic

Answer 36

Relationship between a parasite and its host in which the parasite lives on or within the host and damages the host in some ways

Question 37

Saprobe

Answer 37

A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms

Question 38

Commensal

Answer 38

An unequal relationship in which one species derives benefit without harming the other

Question 39

Mutualistic relationships

Answer 39

Organisms living in an obligatory but mutually beneficial relationships

Question 40

Elements most common in a cell

Answer 40

``` Calcium Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur ```

Question 41

Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 41

Derive both carbon and energy from organic compounds

Question 42

Facultative psychrophile

Answer 42

Grow slowly in cold but have an optimum temperatures between 15-30 c

Question 43

Capnophiles

Answer 43

Grow best at a higher CO2 tension than is normally present in the atmosphere

Question 44

Phase 1: lag phase

Answer 44

Flat period on the graph when the population appears not to be growing or is growing at less than the exponential rate

Question 45

Phase 2: exponential growth (log)

Answer 45

Cells reach the max. Rate of cell division

Question 46

Phase 3: Stationary growth

Answer 46

Population enters a survival mode in which cells stop growing or grow slowly

Question 47

Phase 4: death

Answer 47

Cells begin to die, and they are unable to multiply