MICRO/PARA Flashcards by Trinitine Poblete

Largest ciliated sidephora

Balantidium coli

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Only ciliated protozoa that infects humans

Balantidium coli

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Parasite that causes sexually transmitted disease that has undulating membrane

Trichomonas vaginalis

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Cervix of someone with trichomoniasis

Strawberry cervix

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Whip worm

Trichuris tricuria

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With complex life cycle alternating from sexual and asexual reproduction phase

Sporozoa

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Specific infection by pneumocystis jiroveci caused in patients with HIV /AIDS

PCP - Pneumocystis Carini Pmeumonia

> > > BAL
>silver stain
» Trimetoprim sulfamethoxazole

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Hematologic picture of a patient with classic manifestation of ascaris infection

Iron deficiency anemia

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Megaloblastic anemia&raquo_space;» Vitamin B12 deficiency

Diphylobothrium latum (fish tape worm)

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Worms associated with autoinfection (2)

Strongyloides stercoralis
Enterobius vermicularis

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Hermaphroditic

Platyhelminths

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Trematode vs nematode

Trematode don’t have cuticle

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Gram negative rods
Motile with peritrichous flagella or nonmotile
Catalase +, oxidase -

Enterobacteriaceae

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Metallic sheen on differential media

E. Coli

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“Swarming” on agar; urea rapidly hydrolized (smell of ammonia)

Proteus sp

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E. coli virulence factor that impedes phagocytosis, blocks binding of C3b

Causes neonatal sepsis and meningitis

K1 antigen

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E. Coli virulence factor that allows bacteria to bind to P blood group antigen on urinary tract cells

P-pili

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Most common cause of UTI in young sexually active females

Staphylococcus saphrophyticus

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Encodes genetic material

Plasmid

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Montezuma’s revenge

ETEC

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Most common cause of infantile diarrhea

Rotavirus

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With motile rods (peritrichous flagella), ferment glucose and mannose without producing gas, but no lactose or sucrose

Salmonellae

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Fever (stepladder/picket fence pattern)
Abdominal pain
“Rose spits”
Bradycardia

Salmonella– typhoid fever

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Laboratory diagnostics of typhoid fever

Blood - 1st week
Urine - 2nd week
Stool - 3rd week

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DOC of typhoid fever

Ceftriaxone 2g/d (IV) for 2 weeks

Treponema pallidum - primary syphilis?

Chancre

Treponema pallidum - secondary syphilis

Condyloma lata

Treponema pallidum - tertiary syphillis

Gumma

Saber shin Saddle nose CN VIII deafness Hutchinson's teeth Mulberry molars

Congenital syphilis

Aerobic and non-motile, rod shaped, (+) mycolic acid in cell

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Paul Bunnel test

Epstein Barr Virus

Owls eye inclusion bodies

Cytomegalovirus

Organism associated with hospital acquired and ventilator associated pneumonia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Malarial pigment

Hematin (hemozoin)

Maurer's

P. Falciparum (Ferdinand Marcos)

Zieman's

P. Malariae (Manila Zoo)

James dots

P. Ovale (OJ)

Schuffner's dots

P. Vivax (Vilma Santos)

EBV associated tumor found at the fossa of Rosenmuller

Nasopharyngeal CA

African decent Translocation of t8,14 Biopsy- sheets of lymphocyte with "starry sky appearance" C-myc

Burkitt lymphoma

Reed sternberg cell MC type is nodular sclerosing

Hodgkins disease

Cause of hererophil + infective mononucleosis

Ebstein Barr Virus (EBV) Kissing disease

Most common cause of heterophil (-) infectious mononucleosis

CMV

Most common cause of heterophil (+) infectious mononucleosis

EBV

Mode of transmission of EBV

Kissing or water bottle sharing (Sexual intercourse and oral secretions)

Ebstein barr virus receptor

Compliment receptor type 2 (CR2) aka CD3 receptor B CELLS in tonsilar crypts

Generalized LAD Splenomegaly Hepatomagaly Pharyngitis Low grade fever ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTOSIS Paul bunnel antibody positive Dx?

EBV

Pharyngitis Atypical lymphocytosis DOWNY TYPE 2 CELLS Dx?

Infectious mononucleosis

Malignancies associated with EBV

Burkitt's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal CA Hodgkins disease

Virus has tropism for erythroid cells

Parvovirus B19

Slapped cheek appearance Lacy appearing rash Dx?

Erythema infectiosum 5th disease Parvovirus B19

Butterfly rash on face

SLE

Heliotrope rash on eyelid

Dermatomyositis

Heliotrope rash on eyelid

Dermatomyositis

Rash presents as splitting of the skin

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Hydrops fetalis

Erythema infectiosum

Erythema infectiosum Transient aplastic anemia Pure red cell aplasia Hydrops fetalis

Parvovirus Erythema infectiosum

Nagayama spots

Roseola infantum 6th disease Exanthem subitum

Koplik's spots

Measles

6 month old child Rash appeared after fever Ulcer in uvulopaloglossal junction (nagayama spot) Dx?

Roseola infantum 6th disease Exanthem subitum

Difference of gram positive and gram negative

Thick peptidoglycan layer of gram positive

Test to differentiate staphylococcus from streptococcus

Catalase test Staph - (+) - clusters Strep - (-) - chain

Test to differentiate other staph organisms

Coagulase test

Only coagulase positive stapylococcus organism

Staphylococcus aureus

Habitat of staphylococcus aureus

Nares

Golden yellow colonies of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphyloxanthin Gold = AU ----aureus

Gram + cocci in grape like cluster Catalase + Coagulase + Beta hemolytic Salt tolerant on Mannitol salt agar (MSA)

Staphylococcus aureus

Preformed HEAT STABLE ENTEROTOXIN Mayonnaise Potato salad Custard Starts quickly and ends quickly Gastroenteritis caused by?

Enterotoxin A - E Staphylococcus aureus

Tampon Strawberry tongue Desquamating rash (palms and soles)

Toxic shock syndrome Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) superantigen Staph aureus

Exfoliatin cleaves Desmoglein in desmosomes resulting to separation of epidermis at the Stratum Granulosum

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Staph aureus

Toxic shock syndrome

Superantigen-mediated cytokine storm and M proteib -mediated neutrophil activation

Most common cause of osteomyelitis in general population

Staph aureus BRODIE ABSCESS

Pneumonia Post influenza X-ray: pneumatocoele Caused by what organism?

Staph aureus

Substance responsible for x-ray finding (Pneumatocoele) in staph aureus infection

Panton Valentin Leukocidin (PVL)

Tricuspid valve endocarditis in IV drug users

Staph aureus

Cystic fibrosis patient may die due to what organisms?

Pseudomonnas and staph aureus

Acute endocarditis

Staph aureus

Subacute endocarditis

S. Viridans

Endocarditis due to prosthetic valves

S. Epidermidis

Habitat of S. Epidermidis

Skin

Osteomyelitis in sexually active

N. Gonorrheae

Osteomyelitis in drug users

P. Auruginosa

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia

Salmonella sp.

Most common cause of spinal epidural abscess and suppurative intracranial phlebitis

Staphylococcus aureus

Meningitis cuased by a ventriculo peritoneal shunt

Staph epidermidis

Splitting of the skin

SSSS Exfoliatin

Most severe form of SSSS

Ritter's disease

Acute mastitis

S. Aureus

MRSA DOC?

Vancomycin

Vancomycin-resistant SA (VRSA) DOC?

Linezolid

Gram + cocci in cluster Catalase + Coagulase (-) Novobiocin sensitive

Staph epidermidis

Gram + cocci in cluster Catalase + Coagulase (-) Novobiocin resistant

S. Saphrophyticus NO StR ES NOvobiocin Saphrophyticus - Resistant Epidermidis - Susceptible

Polysaccharide capsule for adhesion of S. Epidermidis

Biofilm

Separation of the epidermis at the dermo-epidermal junction

(TEN) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis or Lylle Disease

Impetigo contagiosa, furuncles, folliculitus, hidradenitis suppurativa, mastitis

Staph aureus

Main reason why MRSA strains are resistant to oxacillin, methicillin and nafcillin

Altered penicillin-binding proteins that have reduced binding of antibiotics

2nd most common cause of UTI in sexually active women

Staph saprophyticus

Merhod of grouping catalase negative, coagulase negative bacteria based on CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION of bacterial antigens found in their cell wall

Lancefield group

Gram positive cocci in chains Beta hemolytic Catalase negative Bacitracin sensitive Lancefield group A Positive PYR test

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)

Most common bacterial cause of sore throat Beefy red pharynx

Streptococcus pyogenes

Fever Straberry tongue Centrifugal, sandpaper-like rash Pastia's line Dx?

Scarlet fever

Susceptibility testing for scarlet fever

Dick's test Inject 0.1cc of erythrogenic toxin -> (+) reddening of skin (>10mm) within 24hrs

Recognizable site of pyogenic inflammation due to PYOGENIC EXOTOXIN A

Streptococcal Toxic shock-like syndrome

Production of antibodies directed againts a stretococcal cell wall M protein that cross reacts with myocardial tissue

Acute Rheumatic Fever Strep pyogenes

Deposition of circulating streptococcal -antistreptococcal immune complexes in the glomeruli -> subsequent activation of complement

Post streptococcal GN Strep pyogenes

Deposition of circulating streptococcal -antistreptococcal immune complexes in the glomeruli -> subsequent activation of complement

Post streptococcal GN

DOC of strel pyogenes

Penicillin G

Gram + cocci in chains Beta hemolytic Catalase negative Bacitracin resistant Hydrolyze hippurate CAMP - test positive Lancefield group B

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

Most common cause of neonatal pneymonia, sepsis and meningitis

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)

Habitat of streptococcus agalactiae

Vagina

Marker of group B streptococcal vaginal carriage

GBS isolation from URINE at. 35-37 weeks AOG

Gram positive Lancet shaped diplococci or shoer chains Alpha hemolytic Catalase negative Bile soluble Optochin - sensitive Prominent polysaccharide capsule Positive quellung reaction

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Habitat of strep pnaumoniae

Upper respiratory tract

Aspiration of oral secretions containing normal flora

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Major virulence factor of streptococcus pneumonia which retards the phagocytosis

Polysaccharide capsule

Most common cause of CAP

Strep pneumonia

Most common cause of otitis media, sinusitis, bacteria meningitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive cocci in chains Alpha hemolytic Catalase negative Bile insoluble and optochin resistant Do not grow in 6.5% NaCl

Viridans streptococci

Most common viridans streptococci responsible for liver, spleen and brain abscess. Most susceptible to antibiotics than other strains of viridans streptococci Caramel odor

Milleri streptococci complex

Habitat of viridans group

Oropharynx Enter during dental procedures

Glycocalyx enhances adhesion to damaged heart valves and protected from host defenses within vegetations

Viridans streptococci

Most common cause of subacute and native valve endocarditis

S sanguis Viridans strep

Bile esculin + PyR test + Growth in 6.5% NaCl + Organism?

Group D Streptococcus Enterococci faecalis

Bile esculin + PyR test - Growth in 6.5% NaCl - Organism?

Group D Streptococcus Streptococcus Bovis

Associated with malignancies of the GI tract

Streptococcus bovis

Marantic Endocarditis

Non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis caused by streptococcus bovis

Species NOT HIGHLY PATHOGENIC but may still cause UTI in hospitalized persons

Enterococci sp (Group D)

Cause UTI in people with indwelling urinary catheters

Enterococcus faecalis

May cause endocarditis in patient who underwent GIT surgery

Enterococcus faecalis

DOC of Enterococcus faecalis

Penicillin + Gentamycin

Gram + Catalase - coccus that grow in small clusters or TETRADS

Aerococcus

Aerobic Non-motile curved chinese characters

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Aerobic Curved Tumbling motility

Listeria monocytogenes

Aerobic Spore forming Gram + rod Non-motile Box-car shaped

Bacillus anthracis

Spore forming Gram + rods Aerobic Motile Reheated fried rice

Bacillus cereus

Spore forming Gram +rods Anearobic Tennis racket-like

Clostridium tetani

Spore forming Gram +rods Anearobic Bulging cans

Clostridium botulinum

Spore forming Gram +rods Anearobic Lecithinase Gas-forming Egg yolk agar (EYA)

Closridium perfringens

Spore forming Gram +rods Anearobic Pseudomembranes

Clostridium difficile

Metachromatic granules

Babes-ernst granules Volutin granules Corynebacrerium diptheria

Pseudomembrane in the mouth

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Elek test

Immuno diffusion technique Used to test for toxigenicity of C. diptheriae

Arcanobacterium hemolyticum produces what

Phospholipase D Responsible for the reverse CAMP reaction with S. Aureus

Only species of Listeria that is pathogenic for humans

Listeria monocytogenes

Nonbranching Non sporeforming Gram + rods

Listeria

Only species of Listeria that is pathogenic for animals

Listeria ivanovii

Unpasteurized milk products

Listeria monocytogenes

Transmission of listeria?

Placenta or by contact during delivery Unpasteurized milk product

Skin lesion in neonatal listeriosis

Granulomatosis infantisepticum

Catalase - Non spore forming Non-motile Facultative anaerobic Gram + bacillus

Erysipelothrix

Causes erysipeloid and recognized pathogen in humans

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Butchers Abattoir workers Fishermen Fish handlers Poultry processors Veterinarians

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Most common form of erysipeloid

Local cutaneous infection Violaceous zones

Pipe cleaner pattern of growth in gelatin stab cultures

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Umbrella like pattern in semisolid medium

Listeria monocytogenes

Most reliable diagnostic characteristic of Bacillus

Spore formation

All bacillus sp are motile except?

Bacillus anthracis

Medusa head morphology

Bacillus anthracis

Woolsorter's disease

Bacillus anthracis

Category A pathogens Bioterrorism

Bacillus anthracis

Virulence factor of b. anthracis

Poly-D glutamate - inhibit phagocytosis

Black eschar / malignant pustule

Cutaneous anthrax

Protease that cleaves protein involved in the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

Tetanospasmin Tetanus toxin

Spastic paralysis, tetany Trismus Risus sardonicus Opisthotonos Respiratory failure

Clostridium tetani

DOC of tetanus

1. Debridement 2. Metronidazole *** Penicillin inhibits glycine activity and hence should NOT be used 3. Anti tetanus vaccine - given in children after 10years thereafter

Honey

Clostridium botulinum

Most common immunologic types of toxin in clostridium botulinum in humans

Types A, B and E

Triad of botulism

Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis No fever Intact sensorium

Floppy baby syndrome

Infant botulism

Double zone of hemolysis on blood agar

Clostridium perfringens

Gram + rods Anaerobic Spore forming Egg yolk agar (EYA) +

Clostridium perfringens

Prolonged used of antibiotics Flare ups of ulcerative colitis

Clostridium deficile

Nonbloody diarrhea associated with colonic pseudomembranes

Clostridium difficile

Primary host factor associated with increased risk of nocardiosis

Cellular immune dysfunction

Eczematous dermatitis of the breast

Staph aureus

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Proteus vulgaris

Anterior horn cells

Polio ALS

Trigeminal root ganglion

HSV1

Sacral nerve ganglia

HSV2

Dorsal root ganglia

VZV

B lymphocytes

EBV

Fibroblasts

CMV

Cancers associated with EBV (4)

Burkitts lymphoma Nasopharyngeal CA B-cell lymphoma Hairy leukoplakia in AIDS

Cancer associated with Chronic HBV

Primary Hepatocellular CA

Cancer associated with Chronic HCV

Primary Hepatocellular CA

Cancers associated with HPV

Cervical CA Vulvar CA Vaginal CA Penile CA Anogenital CA

Cancer associated with HTLV-1

CD4 T cell Leukemia/ lymphoma

Cancer associated with HHV 8

Kaposi sarcoma

2 major antigens of Influenza virus

Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuramidase (N)

Avian flu subtype

H5N1

Swine flu subtype

H1N1

Major change Iccurs in subtype A only Pandemic Drift or shift?

Shift

Virus causes hemorrhagic fever

Dengue Ebola Marburg

Filovirus causes hemorrhagic fever

Ebola Marburg

Most virulent subtype of Polio

Serotype 1 Difference in capsid proteins

Live attenuated polio vaccine

SABIN Oral Risk of post-polio syndrome

Dead polio vaccine

SALK Injection

Coxsackie A virus causes...

Herpangina Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Coxsackie B causes

Pleurodynia (Bornholm disease) Myocarditis Pericarditis

Most common cause of severe chikdhood diarrhea

Rotavirus

2nd most common cause of pediatric diarrhea

Adenovirus

Diarrhea Party salad

Staph aureus

Diarrhea Raw seafood (-) cellulitis

Vibrio parahemolyticus

Diarrhea Raw seafood (+) cellulitis

Vibrio vulnificus

Diarrhea China town Fried rice

B. Cereus

Group of rotavirus that causes human disease

Group A rotavirus

Primary target of Parvovirus B19

Erythroid cell (RBC) ------> transient arrest of erythropoiesis

Slapped cheek Lace like appearance f rash Palms and soles are spared Rash - no desquamation but wax and wanes

Erythema infectiosum 5th disease

Erythema infectiosum Transient aplastic crisis Pure red cell aplasia Hydrops fetalis

Parvoviridae

HHV 6 (can supress all cellular lineages within the bone marrow) Sixth disease - exanthem subitum 6 moths and 2 years

Roseola

Entire multiplication cycle takes place in the CYTOPLASM of infected cells unlike othe DNA viruses that usually occurs in the nucleus

POXVIRUS

More virulent poxvirus infections in humans

Variola Vaccinia is less virulent

Umbilicated, pearly white papule in the face, arms, back and buttocks Benign epiderma tumor that occurs only in humans

Molluscum contangiosum

Mosquit borne viral diseases

Malaria Dengue Chikungunya (Togaviridae)

Abrupt onset of fever in early morning and late afternoon Joint pain that is very debilitating Flu like symptoms High IgM Dx?

Chikungunya

Aedes aegypti

Dengue

Aedes aegypyti and aede albopiticus

Chikungunya

Anopheles

Malaria

Alpha herpesviridae in dorsal root ganglion

Varicella zoster virus

Beta herpesviridae that remains latent in the kidney Most common post renal transplant virus

CMV

Headache Fever Seizure Behavioral changes Dx?

Encephalitis HSV 1 Trigemina ganglia Transmission: contact (saliva)

10 d.o. neonate Jaundice Hepatosplenomegaly Chorioretinitis Dx? Tx?

Congenital CMV "Blueberry muffin baby" GANCYCLOVIR ***all herpes virus medication is Acyclovir except CMV)

Most common intrauterine viral infection

CMV Transmission via body fluids including cervical and vaginal secretions, breast milk

Owls eye appearance - large intranuclear inclusions with enlarged epithelial or mesenchymal cells Heterophil NEGATIVE mononucleosis

CMV

JC polyomavirus Demyelination with bizarre giant astrocytes Viral inclusions in the nucleus of OLIGODENDROCYTES

Progressive Multifocal Encephalopathy

Vesicular lesion Intensely pruritic Lesion first appear on the scalp, face or trunk Centrifugal rash

Varicella Dew drop on a rose petal appearance

Dermatomal distribution

Shingles

Facial nerve paralysis Mononuclear infiltration with herpetic intranuclear inclusions

Ramsay hunt syndrome

Cicatrix - zigzag scarring Atrophy of infected limb

Congenital varicella infected at 6-12 weeks of gestation 16-20weeks of gestation- eye and brain involvement

Generalized lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly Severe pharyngitis with tonsilar enlargement and petechiae at the junction of hard and soft palate

Infectious mononucleosis

HHV 8 infects what cells

B cells "Kapos8 sarcoma" AIDS associated B cell lymphoma

Dane particle

Hepatitis B virus

Koilocytic cells

Human papilloma virus Replicate in EPITHELIAL CELLS of epithelial and mucosal tissue

Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells

Measles

Nagayama spots

Roseola 6th disease

Fever Coryza Cough Conjunctivitis Generalized maculopapular rash Dx?

Measles

Koplik spot

Measles enanthem

Deterioration in school performance Frank dementia Myoclonic jerks Cerebellar ataxia Early measle infection COWDRY A bodies Dx?

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)

Painful enlargement of the parotid gland >2 days Dx?

Mumps

Perivenous demyelination and perivascular mononuclear CUFFING

Mumps encephalitis

German measles

Rubella virus

Developmental malformation especially cardiovascular and neurologic IUGR Congenital cataract PDA SALT AND PEPPER RETINOPATHY BLUEBERRY MUFFIN skin lesion

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Genus Lyssavirus Bullet-shaped Enveloped Single stranded RNA virus

Rabies

Negri bodies in pyramidal neurons of hippocampus and purkinje cells of cerebellum

Rabies

Acute onset Fever Sore throat Hoarseness Barking cough

Epiglottitis

Only DNA Hepatitis

Hep B

Hepatitis with defective RNA

Hep D

Hepatitis that causes epidemics

Hep A and E

Ssian genotypes of dengue virus that are frequently associated with severe disease accompanying secndary dengue infections

DEN-2 DEN-3

Pathogenesis of dengue

MACROPHAGE/ MONOCYTE INFECTION Endothelial cell activation mediates plasma leakage

Herman's sign

Dengue fever

Dengue grade Fever + herman's sign

Grade I

Dengue grade Herman's sign + bleeding

Grade II

Dengue grade Herman's sign + bleeding + circulatory collapse

Grade III

Dengue grade Herman's sign + bleeding + circulatory collapse + shock

Grade IV

Dengue warning signs

Abdominal pain Persistent vomiting Clinical fluid accumulation Mucosal bleed Lethargy, restless Liver enlargement >2cm Inc HCT and dec Platelet

Skin Hair Hair Organism?

TRIchophyton

Skin HAIR Organism?

Microsprora

Skin NAIL Organism?

EPIdermophyton

Ringworm of scalp

Tinea Capitis

Ringworm of bearded region

Tinea barbae

Ringworm of glabrous skin

Tinea corporis

Jock itch

Tinea cruris

Athlete's foot

Tinea pedis

Most serious tinea capitis

Tinea favosa / favus - hairloss and permanent scarring

Trichophyton schoenleinii

Tibea Favus

MCC of outbreaks of Tinea capitis in children

Trichophyton Tonsurans

Main cause of endothrix

Trichophyton tonsurans

Most prevalent systemic mycosis

Candidiasis Candida albicans

Pseudohyphae Germ tube Budding yeast Oral thrush Curds of milk Cottage cheese

Candida albicans

Vaginal pruritus KOH

Candida

Vaginal pruritus Sexually transmitted Wet mount

Trichomonas

CD4 count of 200 to 500 Dx? Tx?

PTB Anti-koch

CD4 count of <200 Dx? Tx?

PCP (jirovecii) TMP-SMX

CD4 count of <50 Dx? Tx?

Mycobacterium Avium Cellulare complex (MAC) Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

Pigeon droppings Eucalyptus tree

Cryptococcus neoformans

Severe intestinal pneumonia in immunocompromised patients especially AIDS

Pneumocystis carinii/ Jiroveci

Hallmark: Hypoxemia Bilateral infiltrate B1,3 glycan Silverstain BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage)

Pneumocystis carini/ jiroveci

Extreme nocturnal itching Create TUNNELS @interdigital webs, wrist, axilla etc

Sarcopetes scabei Scabies

Extreme nocturnal itching @ Anus Pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis

Rose gardener's disease CIGAR shaped budding yeast Flowerette arrangement

Sporothrix schenckii

Packs of cigars

M. lemprey

Dichotomously branching hyphae Otomycosis Fungus ball

Aspergillus fumigatus

Black nasal discharge Immunocompromised DKA Fungal infection

Mucormycosis

Complete virus particle

VirION ***conplete virus particle of Hep B = DANE particle

Minor antigenic change

Drift

Major antigenic change

Shift Epidemic!!

Most virulent serotype of polio virus

Serotype 1

Route of transmission of polio

Fecal-oral route

Cell affected by polio

Anterior Horn cell of spinal cord

Coxsackie B virus causes

Pleurodynia (Bornholm disease) Myocarditis Pericarditis

MCC of infantile gastroenteritis

Rotavirus

Principal cause of human disease in rotavirus

Group A ---LBM in infants

Gold standard of Rota virus

Viral culture

Vesicular lesion Dew drop on a rose petal Pruritic

Varicella

How to detect multinucleated giant cells in HSV 1, HSV 2 and VZV

Tzank test

Most prominent sign of EBV

Pharyngitis

Lab finding: Atypical lymphocytes CD8 T cell predominant Abnormal liver function Dx

EBV

Immunodeficiency disorder that results from a T-cell and natural killer cell defect and is characterized by an abnormal response to Epstein-Barr virus infection, leading to liver failure, immunodeficiency, lymphoma, fatal lymphoproliferative disease, or bone marrow aplasia.

X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

Early manifestation of infection w/ HIV in adults Raised, white, corrugated lesions on the tongue

Oral hairy leukoplakia

Rash centriFUGAL/ cephalocaudad Pruritic Vesicular/ dew drop on a rose petal Intranuclear inclusions in epithelial cells

Varicella

Dermatomal distribution MC in thoracic Dorsal root ganglion cell necrosis

Varicella zoster

Varicella affects facial nerve of geniculate ganglion Mononuclear infiltration w herpetic intranuclear inclusion

Ramsay hunt syndrome

Congenital varicella infection at 6-12 weeks of gestation

Interruption in limb development Cicatrix

Congenital varicella infection at 16-20 weeks of gestation

Eye and brain involvement

MC gene of Mucormycosis

Rhizopus and mucor

Broad Non septate hyphae Wider than aspergillus Branch irregularly

Mucormycosis

Fungual infection which affects people who are Diabetic, with Defect in ohagocytic fx and those with increased levels of FREE IRON (dialysis, multiple drug transfusion, hemochromatosis)

Mucormycosis

Iron chelator for humans but also serves as fungal siderophore, directly deliverinv iron to mucorales

Deferoxamine

Eye or facial pain Facial numbness Conjunctival suffusion Blurry vision Bilateral proptosis Chemosis Ophthalmoplegia CAVERNUS SINUS THROMBOSIS

Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis

MC site of dissemination of Mucormycosis

Brain

Tx of mucormycosis

Ampothericin B Isovuconazole Posaconazole

The only common pathogenic protozoa found in DUODENUM & JEJUNUM of humans

Giargia lambia

Backpacker's diarrhea /fever Pear shaped (+) ventral sucking disks Falling leaf motility Owl's eyes

Giardia lambia

Entero-test (String test)

Giargia lambia

Day care center Refugee camp Greasy, foul smelling stool Flatulence Tx Metronidazole

Giargia lambia

Undulating membrane Exists only as trophozoite Does NOT enter to uterus Frothy yellow or cream colored discharge

Trichomonas vaginalis

Profuse vaginal discharge Local tenderness Vulvat pruritus Jerky TUMBLING motility on fresh mount

Trichomonas vaginalis

Tx of trichomonas

Metronidazole

Family Retroviridae Subfamily Lentiviruses Icosahedral structure Numerous external spikes 2 envelopes Gp120 -external, high affinity to CD4 Gp41 - transmembrane

HIV- AIDS

4 retroviruses known to cause human disease

HTLV 1 HTLV 2 HIV 1 - MC world wide (chimpanzee) HIV 2 - west africa

Higest probability or risk per act of acquiring HIV

Receptive anal intercourse

Profound immunodeficiency due to progressive quantitative and qualitative deficiency of helper T cells

HIV-AIDS

CD4 count of <200 cells/uL or <15%

AIDS Stage 4 in WHO Stage 3 in CDC

Tx for Cryptococcus CD4 <50

Fluconazole

Tx for Histoplasmosis

Itraconazole

Tx for varicella zoster

Varicella zoster immune globulin / Acyclovir

MC associated with dental carries

Steptococcus mutans

Cam be part of normal vaginal flora and can cause meningitis in newborns

Group B streptococcus

MICRO/PARA Flashcards

(329 cards)