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Ortho Flashcards

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1
Q

Severe complication associated with cast treatment of unstable supracondylar hunerus fractures in children

A

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture of forearm

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2
Q

Protrusion of joint capsule or tendon sheath that fills with jelly-like fluid

At the scapholunate interosseous ligament of the wrist

A

Ganglion cysts

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3
Q

Weakness of adduction and abduction of digits 2 through 5

A

Injury to ULNAR nerve near the elbow

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4
Q

Tenosynovitis in region of MCP joint

A

Trigger fingers

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5
Q

In Hip dislocation, nerve should be tested:

A

Sciatic nerve

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6
Q

In shoulder dislocation, nerve should be tested:

A

Axillary nerve
Sensation on top of shoulder

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7
Q

Humeral neck fracture

A

Radial nerve
- weak wrist extension

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8
Q

Nerve commonly injured with Anterior Glenohuneral (shoulder) dislocation

A

Axillary nerve

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9
Q

Proper tx for athlete with isolated Medial Collateral Ligament disruption

A

Immobilization in 45deg of flexion for 2 to 3 weeks, followed by bracing and progressive increase in range of motion

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10
Q

Proximal InterPhalangeal (PIP) flexion
Distal InterPhalangeal (DIP) hyperextension

A

Boutonniere deformity

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11
Q

Low PaO2 after long bone fracture

A

Fat embolism

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12
Q

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb

A

Bennett’s fracture

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13
Q

MC cause of posterior dislocation of shoulder

A

Epileptiform seizures or electroshock therapy

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14
Q

Type of collage in cartilage

A

Type 2

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15
Q

MC primary bone malignancy

A

OsteoSarcoma

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16
Q

Proliferation of palmar fascia
Common in ring and small fingers

A

Dupuytren’s contractures

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17
Q

Fracture of distal radius

A

Median nerve

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18
Q

Pain
Numbenss
Tingling in median nerve distribution
Weakness of thenar muscle
Worsening of symptoms at night

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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19
Q

OsteoBlast function

A

Builds bone
Inhibited by parathyroid hormone

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20
Q

OsteoClast function

A

breaks/ Cuts bone down

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21
Q

Which nerve root compression will L4-L5 disc give

A

L5 (a level below)

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22
Q

Root compression at L4 will give

A

Weka knee jerk

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23
Q

Root compression at L5 will give

A

Weak toes dorsiflexion

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24
Q

Root compression at S1 will give

A

Weak toe plantar flexion and weak ankle jerk

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25
Injury or constriction of the Brachial artery or its Anterior Interosseous branch, usually from injuries about the elbow will give
Volkmann's ischemic contracture
26
Late complication of Volkmann' ischemic contracture
Obliteration of Radial pulse and anoxia of Median and Ulnar nerves
27
Fracture of Proximal Ulna with subluxation of Radial Head
Montegia's fracture
28
Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus to the Ring and Little finger
ULNAR nerve
29
(-) knee jerk
Compression of L3-L4 level
30
MC cause of pyogenic osteomyelitis of vertebral column
Hematogenous spread of Staphylococcus aureus
31
Fractures are likely to cause COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Tibial fx Supracondylar humerus fx Calcaneous fx
32
MC location of stress fractures
Femoral Neck Distal 2nd and 3rd Metatarsal shaft Proximal Tibia Distal Fibula Calcaneus
33
Entity suggestive of calf pain similar to claudication that does not resolve with rest
Spinal stenosis
34
Rupture of Ulnar Collateral Ligament of MP joint with resultant instability of the joint to radial-directed force
Gamekeeper's thumb
35
Injury to Extensor mechanism ot the level of DIP joint
Mallet finger
36
Swan neck hand deformity
Extensor tendon is ruptured
37
Carpal bone most frequently fractured
Scaphoid bone
38
Tx of DeQuervain's stenosinh tenosynovitis after failed medical management
Surgical release of 1st extensor compartment
39
Complication with displaced fracture of scaphoid
Avascular necrosis and nonunion
40
Etiology of isolated anterior cruciate ligament tears
Hyperextension of knee or forceful internal rotation of the tibia on the femur
41
Joints most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis
Large weight bearing joints (knee, hips)
42
Hip-stabilizing muscles
Piriformis Obturator Internus Gemelli Gluteus MEDius
43
Bacterial infection of the pulp space on the palmar surface of the hand Tx is drainage along the medial and lateral aspect of finger
Felon
44
Incisions should be used on skon overlying joints
Oblique or transverse incision
45
Transfer of entire myocutabeous segment with a microvascular anastomosis from a native tissue bed artery to a large vein in the flap Allows transfer of multiple tissues and its viability is dependent on the anastomosis
Free flap
46
Squamous cell CA that develops in a chronic wound or ulceration Erythematous discoloration and fungating appearance Tx wide excision Dx?
Marjolin's ulcer
47
Immediate shrinkage that occurs after removal from donor site
Primary contracture
48
Phenomenon that occurs as the graft heals
Secondary skin graft contraction
49
Most important factor in minimizing hyperpigmentation of skin grafts
Protection from UV light for a full year postoperative
50
Indications for dermal overgrafting
Unstable, depressed or hypertrophied scar Unstable or hyperpigmented skin Large Pigmented nevi Radiation damage Tattoos
51
Maximal time for return of sensation after skin grafting
After 2 years
52
Single most important factor in management of contaminated wounds
Debridement of devitaluzed tissue
53
Most important factor in the aesthetic outcome of lip reconstruction
Alignment of vermillion border
54
Closure of a rectangular defect by incising an adjacent triangle of tissue and advancing it into the defect
V-Y advancement
55
What vessels is the midline forehead flap based on?
Supratrochlear vessels
56
Type of skin graft most appropriate for resurfacing the upper eyelid
FTSG
57
Flap most appropriate on the treatment of osteomyelitis
muscle-based flap
58
Most frequently utilized flap for head and neck reconstruction
Deltopectoral flap
59
The dermis primarily contains what type of collagen
Types I (80%) and Type III (15%)
60
Most appropriate donor sitr for grafting the skin of face
Postauricular
61
Tissues included in posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap
Fascia lata Subcutaneous skin and tissue Descending branch of inferior gluteal artery
62
Most appropriate donor sitr for grafting the skin of the hand
Inner aspect of arm
63
Process allows survival of skin grafts in the first 48hrs
Plasmatic imbibition
64
Facial port wine stain over at least the firat and second division of trigeminal nerve, leptomeningeal vebous malformations, and mental retardation
Sturge-webber syndrome
65
Type of cancer is red or purple cutaneous nodule, and neuroendocrine tumor straining for enolase and neurofilament
Merkel cell carcinoma Tx: wide excision with 2cm margin and SLN Bx
66
Type of gland hidradenitis involves
Apocrine glands
67
Most common skin cancer
Basal cell CA
68
Tx of choice for patients with unstable mandibular fractures
Open Reduction Internal fixation (ORIF)
69
Most common cause of acquired ptosis
Dysfunction of oculomotor nerve or sympathetic chain (trauma)
70
MC lymphatic malformation found in head and neck
Cystic hygroma (posterior triangle of neck)
71
Primary blood supply for a transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) FLAP
Superior epigastric vessels
72
MC complication of breast augmentation
Capsular contraction
73
Most common flap for greater trochanter pressure sore
Tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap
74
Preferred flap for proximal 1/3 tibial wound
Gastrocnemius and soleus flaps
75
Most appropriate tx for distal 1/3 tibial wound
Free-tissue transfer
76
Congenital lymphedema that present after the age of 35yo
Lymphedema tardum

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