PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Question 1

Hallmark feature of ANALYTIC epidemiologic study

Answer 1

Use of an appropriate COMPARISON group

Question 2

A Case definition

Answer 2

Has clinical CRITERIA
TIME, PLACE and PERSON

Question 3

A SPECIFIC case definition

Answer 3

Likely to include only (or mostly) TRUE CASES
May exclude mild cases

Question 4

Descriptive epidemiology – “Distribution”

Answer 4

Who, when & where

Question 5

Analytic epidemiology – “Determinants”

Answer 5

Causes (agents)
Risk factor (exposure to source)
Mode of transmission

Question 6

Public health surveillance

Answer 6

Collection
Analysis
Dissemination

Question 7

A study that assesses exposure and follows to document subsequent occurence of disease

Answer 7

Observational cohort study

Question 8

Subjects are enrolled on basis of HAVING OR NOT HAVING a health outcome

Answer 8

Observational Case-control

Question 9

Cohort vs case-control

Answer 9

Cohort - subjects categorized according to EXPOSURE

Case-control - subjects categorized whether they HAVE THE DISEASE OR NOT

Question 10

“Snapshot of health”
Provides info on PREVALENCE rather than incidence
More useful in descriptive epidemiology than analytic epidemiology
Synonymous w/ SURVEY

Answer 10

Cross-sectional study

Question 11

Epidemiologic Triad of disease

Answer 11

Agent
Host
Environment

Question 12

A propagated epidemic is usually the result of what kind of exposure

Answer 12

Person-to-person

Question 13

Sex

Answer 13

Nominal
QUALITATIVE
Categorical

Question 14

Age

Answer 14

Ratio
QUANTITATIVE
Continuous

Question 15

Lymphocyte count

Answer 15

Ratio
QUANTITATIVE
Continuous

Question 16

Measure of CENTRAL LOCATION

Answer 16

Mean
Median
Mode

Question 17

Measure of SPREAD

Answer 17

Standard Deviation

Question 18

“Skewed”

Answer 18

Tail of distribution

Question 19

Value that is statistically closest to all of the values in the distribution

Answer 19

Mean

Question 20

Value that has half of the observations below and half above it

Answer 20

Median

Question 21

Value that occurs most often

Answer 21

Mode

Question 22

Value that is statistically closest to all the values in the distribution on a log scale

Answer 22

Geometric mean

Question 23

Halfway between the smallest and largest value

Answer 23

Midrange

Question 24

Measure of central location for SUMMARIZING SKEWED DATA

Answer 24

Median

Question 25

Measure of central location for ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Answer 25

Mean

Question 26

Measure of SPREAD

Answer 26

Standard deviation Range Interquartile Range Variance

Question 27

Identifies a particular place on a distribution but not spread

Answer 27

Percentile

Question 28

Measure of spread MOST AFFECTED BY ONE EXTREME VALUE

Answer 28

Range

Question 29

Interquartile range covers the central _ % of a distribution

Answer 29

50%

Question 30

Measure of central location most commonly used in interquartile range is the

Answer 30

Median Interquartile range covers 25% to 75% while median marks 50%

Question 31

Measure of central location most commonly used with standard deviation

Answer 31

Arithmetic mean

Question 32

Algebraic relationship between the variance and standard deviation is the

Answer 32

Standard deviation is the SQUARE ROOT OF VARIANCE

Question 33

Primary use of standard error of the mean is in calculating the

Answer 33

Confidence interval

Question 34

Birth rate Incidence Mortality rate Prevalence

Answer 34

Frequency measures

Question 35

All proportions are ratios, but not all ratios are proportions T/F

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Table with labels and titles but no data

Answer 36

Table shell

Question 37

Semilogarithmic-scale line graph

Answer 37

Wide range of values can be plotted and seen clearly, regardless of magnitude Y-axis tick labels could be 0.1, 1, 10, and 100

Question 38

Arithmetic-scale line graph

Answer 38

A constant rate of change would be presented by a curved line

Question 39

Used for Categorical variables (sex or geographic region) on x-axis

Answer 39

Bar chart

Question 40

Display continuous data (time) Epidemic curve

Answer 40

Histogram

Question 41

Shape of population pyramid most consistent with young population

Answer 41

Triangle with base down

Question 42

Bar chart with shaded subgroups

Answer 42

Stacked bar chart

Question 43

Represents a frequency distribution, with area under the curve proportionate to frequency Must be closed (plotted line must touch x-axis) Can display frequency distribution of a given period of time

Answer 43

Frequency polygon

Question 44

This includes data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination to help guide health officials and programs in directing and conducting disease control and prevention activities

Answer 44

Public health surveillance

Question 45

Targets of current public health surveillance

Answer 45

Chronic disease Communicable disease Health-related behaviors Occupational hazards Presence of viruses in mosquitoes

Question 46

Vital statistics are important source of data on?

Answer 46

Mortality Date of birth Death Marriage Divirce