Micro- Viruses

Question 1

Live attenuated vaccines (6)

Answer 1

smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, Sabin poliovirus, MMR, Influenza (intranasal)

Question 2

Killed vaccines (4)

Answer 2

Rabies, influenza (injected), salk polio, HAV

Question 3

Recombinant vaccines (2)

Answer 3

HBV, HPV

Question 4

What type of DNA do most DNA viruses have? What are exceptions?

Answer 4

All except parvoviridae are dsDNA

All are linear except papilloma, polyoma, hapadnaviruses (circular)

Question 5

What type of RNA are most RNA viruses?

Answer 5

Most are ssRNA except reovirus (dsRNA)

Question 6

Where do RNA and DNA viruses replicate?

Answer 6

DNA viruses- replicate in nucleus (except poxvirus)

RNA viruses- replicate in cytoplasm (except influenza, retroviruses)

Question 7

What type of lymphadenopathy is common for EBV?

Answer 7

posterior cervical nodes

Question 8

Associated with “owl eye” inclusions

Answer 8

CMV

Question 9

Where in addition to the skin can HHV-8 affect?

Answer 9

lungs, GI tract

Question 10

Where do CMV and EBV lay dormant?

Answer 10

CMV- mononuclear cells

EBV- B cells

Question 11

High fevers for several days that can cause seizures followed by diffuse macular rash (exanthum subitum)

Answer 11

Roseola- HHV-6

Question 12

What herpesviruses cause keratoconjunctivitis vs retinitis?

Answer 12

HSV-1: keratoconjunctivitis

CMV: retinitis

Question 13

What does the tzanck test test for?

Answer 13

HSV-2

detect multinucleated giant cells

Question 14

What cells cause intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions?

Answer 14

HSV

Question 15

What are the picornaviruses? What type of infection do they cause and how are they transmitted?

Answer 15

PERCH
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
HAV
Can cause viral meningitis (exc HAV, rhino)
Transmitted oral-fecal (exc rhinovirus)

Question 16

What type of virus is rhinovirus? What distinguishes it from those in its class?

Answer 16

picornavirus
nonenveloped RNA virus
not acid labile

Question 17

Causes high fever, black vomit, jaundice

Answer 17

yellow fever

Question 18

What type of virus is yellow fever? What is its vector?

Answer 18

Flavivirus

Aedes mosquito

Question 19

Causes villus destruction with atrophy, leads to decr absorption of Na+, loss of K+ (virus)

Answer 19

rotavirus

Question 20

What type of virus is rotavirus?

Answer 20

segmented dsRNA

reovirus

Question 21

What type of virus is influenza virus?

Answer 21

orthomyxovirus

enveloped, neg ssRNA, 8-segments

Question 22

What do the surface proteins of influenza do?

Answer 22

Hemagglutinin- viral entry

Neuraminidase- progeny virion release

Question 23

Causes fever, postauricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash

Answer 23

Rubella

Question 24

Congenital infection causes “blueberry muffin appearance” What does this indicate?

Answer 24

rubella

extramedullary hematopoiesis

Question 25

What is an important surface marker of paramyxoviruses? What does this do?

Answer 25

F (fusion) protein | causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

Question 26

What are the paramyxoviruses (4)

Answer 26

Parainfluenza (croup) mumps measles RSV

Question 27

Causes cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplic spots

Answer 27

measles

Question 28

What are 2 dangerous sequelae of measles infection?

Answer 28

SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis) | giant cell pneumonia

Question 29

Causes parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis

Answer 29

Mumps

Question 30

Negri bodies commonly found in purkinje cells of cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons

Answer 30

rabies

Question 31

What type of virus is HCV?

Answer 31

flavivirus | enveloped, RNA ss+ linear, icosahedral

Question 32

What type of virus is HBV?

Answer 32

hepadnavirus

Question 33

What type of virus is HDV?

Answer 33

RNA delta virus | enveloped, ss - circualr

Question 34

Compare superinfection vs coinfection of HDV and HBV?

Answer 34

Superinfection (HDV after HBV)- short incubation | co-infection (HDV with HBV)- long incubation

Question 35

What type of heptatitis virus has particularly high mortality in pregnant women?

Answer 35

HEV

Question 36

What type of virus is HEV

Answer 36

RNA hepevirus | nonenveloped ss+ linear icosahedral

Question 37

Type of HBV infection: | HBsAg+, HBeAg+, Anti-HBc IgM

Answer 37

Acute HBV

Question 38

Type of HBV infection: | Anti-HBe+, Anti-HBc IgM

Answer 38

Window period

Question 39

Type of HBV infection: | HBsAg+, HBeAg+, IgG

Answer 39

chronic, high infectivity

Question 40

Type of HBV infection: | Anti-HBs, Anti-HBe, IgG

Answer 40

recovery from HBV

Question 41

What distinguishes high transmissibility vs low transmissibility for HBV?

Answer 41

High transmissibility: HBeAg | Low: Anti-HBe

Question 42

How is AIDS diagnosed?

Answer 42

< 200 CD4 or AIDS-defining condition

Question 43

What part of HIV can cross the placenta?

Answer 43

anti-gp120- casues fals positive ELISA/western

Question 44

What are the HIV structural genes, what do they encode?

Answer 44

env - gp120 (attach do CD4), gp21 (fusion and entry) gag0- capsid protein pol- reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

Question 45

What are HIV coreceptors

Answer 45

CCR5- early | CXCR4- late

Question 46

Causes low-grade fecers, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcers in AIDS

Answer 46

Histoplasma capsulatum (Oval yeast cells within macrophage)

Question 47

Causes superficial vascular proliferation in AIDS patients | Bx shows neutrophilic inflammation

Answer 47

Bartonella henselae

Question 48

Causes superficial vascular proliferation in AIDS patients | Bx shows lymphocytic inflammation

Answer 48

HHV8- kaposi sarcoma

Question 49

Causes interstitial pneumonia in AiDS patients

Answer 49

CMV

Question 50

When should MAC be suspected in HIV pt?

Answer 50

CD4 <50, Tb-like disease

Question 51

Where is Hairy leukoplakia likely found? what causes it?

Answer 51

lateral tongue | EBV

Question 52

What CD4 count corresponds with oral and esophageal candida?

Answer 52

oral- CD4 <100