Microbiology Flashcards
(311 cards)
1
Q
pts with streptococcus gallolyticus induced endocarditis are at high risk for
A
colon cancer
1
Q
staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome findings
A
increased ast, alt, bilirubin
2
Q
reheated rice syndrome
A
bacillus cereus
3
Q
gram p, beta hemo, coagulase p, cocci
A
staph aureus
4
Q
staph aureus diseases names
A
scalded skin synd
osteomyelitis
food poisoning
toxic shock synd
pneumonia
abscess
infective endocarditis
necrotizing fasciitis
septic arthritis
5
Q
staph tss results in
A
increased ast, alt, bilirubin
6
Q
gram p, catalase p, coagulase n, urease p, cocci, novobiocin sensitive
A
staph epidermidis
7
Q
staph epidermidis ds
A
infects prosthetic devices (hip implant, heart valve) and IV catheters (biofilm producing)
8
Q
gram p, catalase p, coag n, urease p, cocci, novobiocin resistant
A
staph saprophyticus
9
Q
staph saprophyticus ds
A
uti in young females
10
Q
gram p, alpha hemo, diplococci, optochin sensitive, bile soluble
A
strep pneumoniae
11
Q
strep pneumoniae diseases
A
MOPS
meningitis
otitis media
pneumonia
sinusitis
12
Q
gram p, alpha hemo, cocci, optochin res, bile insoluble
A
strep viridans
13
Q
strep viridans ds
A
inf endocarditis in pts with damaged heart valves
dental caries
14
Q
gram p, cocci, bacitracin sens, beta hemo, pyr pos
A
strep pyogenes
15
Q
strep pyogenes diseases
A
pyogenic- pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
toxigenic- scarlet fever, tss, necrotizing fasciitis
immunologic- rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
16
Q
scarlet fever symp
A
sandpaper like rash sparing palms and soles, strawberry tongue
17
Q
gram p cocci, bacitracin res, beta hemo
A
strep agalactiae
18
Q
strep agalactiae ds
A
pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis mainly in babies
19
Q
staph aureus rx
A
penicillin, vancomycin
20
Q
staph epidermidis rx
A
vancomycin
21
Q
strep pneumoniae rx
A
macrolides
ceftriaxone
22
Q
strep pyogenes rx
A
penicillin
23
Q
strep agalactiae rx
A
intrapartum penicillin (ampicillin)
24
strep gallolyticus ds
bacteremia, inf endocarditis, increased incidence of colon cancer
25
enterococci ds
uti
bti
inf endocarditis
26
gram p cocci, catalase n, pyr pos, non hemo
enterococcus
27
enterococci medium
6.5% nacl and bile
28
enterococcus rx
ampicillin, linezolid, tigecycline
29
gram p, spore forming rods, medusa head colonies
bacillus anthracis
30
bacillus anthracis toxins
anthrax toxin
lethal factor (- map kinase)
edema factor (inc cAMP)
31
bacillus anthracis ds
cutaneous anthrax
pulmonary anthrax
32
cutaneous anthrax
ulcer with black eschar, may progress to bacteremia and death
33
pulmonary anthrax
potential bioweapon
flu like symp
progresses to pulm hemorrhage, mediastinitis (XRAY shows widened mediastinum)
34
pulm anthrax other name
wool sorter ds
35
anthrax rx
fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
doxycycline
36
cut and pulm anthrax complicatn
hemorrhagic meningitis
37
reheated rice synd caused by
bacillus cereus
38
bacillus cereus toxin name
cerulide
39
clost difficile diseases
watery diarrhea
pseudomembrane colitis
40
clost diff rx
oral vancomycin
metronidazole
41
clost tetani toxin
tetanospasmin (- gaba and glycine from renshaw cells)
42
clost tetani ds
spastic paralysis
trismus (lockjaw)
risus sardonicus (raised eyebrows and open grin)
opisthotonus (spasms of spinal extensors)
43
clost tetani rx
metronidazole, penicillin, diazepam for spasms
44
clost bot toxin mech
damages snare proteins, - ach release
45
clost botulinum ds
floppy baby synd, 5 D's
Diplopia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Dyspnea
Descending flaccid paralysis
46
clost bot rx
human botulinum ig
47
clost perfringes toxin mech
alpha toxin that causes myonecrosis
48
clost perfringes ds
gas gangrene, hemolysis
49
clost perfringes rx
penicillin
50
corynb dip toxin mech
exotoxin inh prot synth via adp ribosylatn of ef-2
51
corynb dip ds
pseudomembranous pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy (bull neck appearance)
toxin disseminatn- myocarditis, arrythmias, neuropathies
52
corynb dip lab diag
meatchromatic granules
elek's test pos
53
corynb dip rx
antitoxin +/- erythromycin or penicillin
54
listeria transmission
ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, vaginal transmission during birth
55
listeria motility
tumbling
56
listeria ds
meningitis in immunocompromised (neonates and elders)
sepsis, amnionitis and spontaneous abortion in preg females
57
listeria rx
ampicillin
58
gram p, cat p, acid fast, long branching filaments
nocardia
59
nocardia ds
pulm infectn in immunocompromised
can spread to cns and cause abscess
60
noacrdia rx
sulfonamides
61
gram p, cat n, non acid fast, long branching filaments
actinomyces
62
actinomyces ds
oral/ facial abscess that drain through sinus tracts
dental caries
pid thro iud
63
yellow sulphur granules
actinomyces
64
actinomyces rx
penicillin
65
snap mnemonic
sulfonamides nocardia, actinomyces penicillin
66
fever, night sweats, wt loss, cough
tb
67
mycobacterium tb ppd test
positive if current or past infectn
neg if no infectn and immunocompromised pts
68
false pos myc tb
bcg vaccinatn
69
ppd test other name
mantoux test
70
ghon complex
hilar nodes involvements + ghon focus on lower/middle lobes of lung
71
reactivatn of tb high risk in
immunocompromised
72
tb reactivatn lobes involved
upper
73
hansen ds
leprosy
74
resevoir of myc leprae in USA
armadillos
75
2 forms of leprosy
tuberculous and lepromatous
76
lepromatous leprosy
low cmi
leonine (lionlike facies)
th2 response
lethal
77
tuberculoid leprosy
high cmi
hairless plaques
th1 response
78
leprosy rx
lepromatous-
dapsone, rifampin, clofazimine (2-5 yrs)
tuberculoid-
dapsone, rifampin (6 months)
79
gram n, diplococci, metabolise glucose, no maltose acid detectn
neisseria gonorrhae
80
neiss gon ds
Gonorrhea
septic arthritis
pid
neonatal conjuctivitis
fitz-hugh-curtis synd
81
neiss gon rx
ceftriaxone, screen for chlamydia as well
if chlamydia present, then add doxycycline
82
gram n, gluc met p, maltose acid det pos
neiss men
83
neiss men ds
meningococcemia with petechial hem
waterhouse-friderichsen synd
84
neis men rx
ceftriaxone
85
neis men close contacts rx
rifampin
86
hem inf culture
chocolate agar that contains factor 10,5
also be grown with staph aureus
87
hem inf ds
haEMOPhilus
E- Epiglottitis
M- Meningitis
O- Otitis Media
P- Pneumonia
88
hem inf vaccine schedule
b/w 2 to 18 months of age
pref 2,4,6,15 months
89
hem inf rx
ceftriaxone
90
hem inf close contacts
rifampin
91
burkholderia cepacia
causes pneumonia in pts with underlying lung ds (eg. cystic fibrosis)
92
3 stages of bordtella infectn
catarrhal- like cold
paroxysmal- whooping cough
convalescent- 100 days chronic cough
93
bordtella effect on leucocytes
causes lymphocytosis
94
pertussis rx
macrolides
(if allergic use TMP-SMX)
95
brucella transmission
ingestn of contaminated animal products (eg unpasteurised milk)
96
brucella disease
undulant fever
night sweats
arthralgia
97
brucella effects
hepatomegaly
splenomegaly
lymphadenopathy
98
brucella rx
doxycycline, rifampin
99
brucella complicatn
osteomyelitis
100
legionella stain
gm stains poorly so use silver stain
101
legionella medium
charcoal yeast extract medium with iron and cysteine
102
legionella lab diag
elevated Ag in urine
hyponatremia
elevated transaminases
103
legionnaire's ds
atypical pneumonia
unilateral and lobar
104
pontiac fever
mild flu like
105
legionella rx
macrolides, fluoroquinolones
106
aerobic, motile, cat p, gram n, nlf, oxi p rods
pseudomonas aeruginosa
107
pseudomonas ds
pneuomonia
sepsis
ecthyma gangrenosum
uris
diabetes
osteomyelitis
nocosomial
addictn (infects iv drug users)
skin infectns
108
ecthyma gangrenosum
produced by pseudomonas specifically in immunocomp
109
rx of pseudomonas
piperacillin-tzobactam, fluoroquinolones
110
salmonella typhi virulence factor
vi capsule
111
salmonella typhi vaccine available?
yes
112
salmonella typhi rx
ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolones
113
salmonella species vaccine available?
no
114
salmonella species except typhi reservoir
poultry, eggs
115
shigella ds
bloody diarrhea
116
yersinia enterocolitica staining
bipolar
117
yersinia entero ds
acute bloody diarrhea
pseudoappendicitis
reactive arthritis
118
lactose fermenting colonies eg
McCowkey CEEKS milk.
Citrobacter
E.coli
Enterobacter
Klebsiella
Serratia
119
e coli ds
cystitis and pyelonephritis (utis)
pneumonia and neonatal meningitits
septic shock
120
EHEC serotype
O157:H7
121
EHEC is like which other toxin
shiga toxin
122
shiga toxin triad
anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute kidney inj
(HUS)
123
klebsiella ds
uti (nocosomial)
lobar pneumonia
124
klebsiella sputum
red jelly
125
gm n, comma shaped, oxi p, grows at 42 degree C
Campy
126
campy ds
bloody diarrhea
127
campy transm
undercooked contaminated poultry
128
campy complicatns
reactive arthritis and Guillan-Barre synd
129
gm n, urease p, swarming motility
proteus
130
proteus ds
uti
renal stones (struitive, staghorn calculi)
131
comma shaped, gm n, oxi p, grows in alkaline medium
vibrio chol
132
vib chol moa
inc camp
133
vib chol transm
uncooked food like raw shellfish
134
vib chol ds
rice water diarrhea
septicemia
cellulitisv
135
vib chol inf high risk in
pts with high serum iron
(hemochromatosis, cirrhosis)
136
137
138
139
curved, cat p, oxi p, urease p
h pylori
140
h pylori ds
gastritis
pud
gastric adenocarcinoma
malt lymphoma
141
h pylori rx
triple therapy of
clarithromycin
omeprazole
amoxicillin
quadruple therapy add bismuth
142
spirochetes names
leptospira
treponema
borrelia
143
jarisch-herxheimer synd
flu like symp after starting antibiotic therapy for borrelia
144
borrelia ds
lyme ds
145
borrelia transm by
ixodes tick
146
ixodes tick reservoir
mouse, deer
147
stages of lyme ds
stage 1,2,3
148
stage 1 lyme ds
erythema migrans (bulls eye appearance)
flu like symp
149
stage 2 lyme ds
carditis, av block, bell's palsy
150
stage 3 lyme ds
encephalopathy, arthritis, peripheral neuropathy
151
rx lyme ds
doxycycline - stage 1
ceftriaxone- stage 2
amoxicillin- preg women, children
152
leptospira found where
water cont with animal urine
153
leptospirosis features
flulike symp, jaundice, conjuctival suffusion
154
leptospirosis common among
surfers and in tropics like Hawaii
155
leptospira ds
leptospirosis
weil's ds
156
weil's ds featrues
severe jaundice
liver and kidney dysfunctn
anemia
fever
157
syphilis caused by
treponema
158
syphilis types
primary
secondary
tertiary
congenital
159
primary syphilis
painless chancre
160
primary syphilis diag
dark field micros
vdrl test
161
secondary syphilis
maculopapular rash (includes palms and soles)
condylomata lata (white lesions on genitals)
162
syphilis specific test
fta-abs
163
tertiary syphilis
gummas (chronic granulomas)
aortitis
tabes dorsalis (neurosyphilis)
argyll robertson pupil
164
congenital syphilis
facial abn like rhagades, snuffles
hutchison teeth
mulberry molars
deafness
165
when does placental transm of syphilis occur
1st trimester
166
syphilis rx
penicillin G
167
false positive vdrl test
false P- VDRL
pregnancy
viral infectn (EBV, hepatitis)
drugs (chlorpromazine, procainamide)
rf
lupus, leprosy
168
2 form of chlamydia
elementary and reticulate
169
chlamydia trachomatis ds
neonatal conjuctivitis
urethritis
pid
arthritis
170
chl pneumoniae and psittaci cause what
walking pneumonia (atypical)
171
stain for chlamydia
giemsa
172
chlamydia rx
doxycycline
macrolides
ceftriaxone (added if gonorrhea pos)
173
chlamydia serotypes that cause blindness due to conjuctivitis
types a, b, c
174
chlam serotypes causing urethritis and pid
serotype d-k
175
serotypes l1, l2, l2 of chlam cause
lymphogranuloma venerum
(swollen inguinal lymph nodes)
176
gardnerella test
amine whiff test
(mixing discharge with 10% koh enhances fish odor)
177
gardnerella rx
metronidazole
clindamycin
178
rickettsia rikcettsii ds
rocky mountain spotted fever
179
rmsf commonly seen in which area
east coast
180
endemic typhus caused by
rickettsia typhi
181
epidemic typhus caused by
rickettsia prowazeki
182
typhus rash
starts centrally, spreads out, sparing palms and soles
183
rickettsia rx
doxycycline
184
ehrlichosis and anaplasmosis cytoplasm findings
MEGA
Monocytes- ehrlrichosis
Granulocytes- anaplasma
185
coxiella causes
q fever
186
q fever findings
headache, cough, pneumonia, hepatitis
187
mycoplasma pneumoniae ds
walking atypical pneumonia
188
mycoplasma cell wall contains
sterols
189
mycoplasma grows on which medium
eaton agar
190
mycoplasma commonly seen in
<30 yrs old
military recruits, prisons, colleges
191
mycoplasma rx
macrolides
192
systemic mycoses ds
pneumonia, can also disseminate
193
systemic mycoses fungi morphism
dimorphic
(mold in cold, yeast in heat)
194
systemic mycoses rx
azole drugs- local infectn
(fluconazone, ketoconazole, itraconazole)
amphotericin B- systemic infectn
195
histoplasma locatn
mississipi and ohio river valleys
196
histoplasmosis findings in blood
macrophages filled with histoplasma
197
histoplasma findings
tongue ulcers, splenomegaly, erythema nodosum
198
histoplasma reservoir
bird/bat droppings (caves)
199
histoplasma diag
serum and urine Ag
200
blastomycosis locatn
eastern and central USA
201
blastomy pathological finding
broad based budding (same as size of rbc)
202
blastomy signs
infl lung ds
osteomyelitis (disseminatn) (mimics SCC)
203
coccidioidomycoses found in which region
southwest usa, cali
204
coccid signs
disseminatn to bone, skin
arthralgia
erythema nodosum
meningitis
205
coccid spreads from
dust exposure
206
candida morphism
dimorphic
pseudohypahe at 20 deg C
hyphae/germ tubes at 37 deg C
207
candida ds
oral, esophageal candidasis
candidasis in immunocomp
vulvovaginitis in diabetics, use of antibiotics and birth pills
infective endocarditis in IV drug abusers
disseminated candidasis in neutropenic patients
208
candida rx
azoles
AMB for major cases
if AMB resistant then use Capsofungin
209
aspergillus hyphae angle
45 acute angle
210
aspergillus ds
invasive aspergillosis in immunocomp patients
aspergillomas esp after TB
aflatoxins (hcc)
211
aflatoxins mutate which gene
tp53
212
aspergillus rx
voriconazole
213
allergic bronchopulm asperfillosis
type 1 hyperS
214
mucor and rhizopus hyphae
non septate, wide angles
215
mucormyc seen commonly in which pts
DKA, leukemia pts (neutropenia)
216
mucormyc findings on face
black eschar on face
217
mucormyc rx
surgery, azoles, AMB
218
cryotococc capsulated?
heavily encapsulated
219
cryptococc morphism
not dimorphic
220
cryptococc stain
india ink (clear halo)
and mucicarmine stain (red)
221
crytpococc test
latex agglutinatn
222
cryptococc ds
meningitis
pneumonia
encephalitis (soap bubble lesions in brain)
223
cryptococc rx
AMB+flucytosine
followed by fluconazole for meningitis
224
pneumocystis occurs in which pts
immunosuppressed like aids
225
pneumocystis chest x ray
ground glass appearance
226
pneumocystis diag
BAL
bronchoalveolar lavage
227
pneumocystis stain
disc shaped yeast seen on methanamine silver stain
228
pneumocystis rx
tmp-smx (bactrim)
if there is allergy to sulfa drugs, use pentamidine
229
sporothrix morphism
dimorphic
230
sporothrix shape
cigar shaped
231
sporothrix transm
by a thorn
232
sporothrix ds
local pustule or ulcer with local lymph node inv
disseminated ds possible in immunocomp
233
sporothrix rx
itraconazole
pot iodide
234
enterobius ds
anal pruritis
235
enterobius test
tape test
236
enterobius rx
bendazoles
pyrantel pamoate
237
ascaris ds
obst at ileocecal valve
can migrate to lungs, cause loeffler synd
238
ascaris diag
oval eggs in feces
239
ascaris rx
bendazoles
240
strongyloides ds
duodenitis
dry cough, hemoptysis
hyperinfectn in immunocomp
241
strongyloides diag
rhabtidiform larvae in stool
242
strongyloides rx
ivermectin or bendazoles
243
ancylostoma ds
microcytic anemia
cut larva migrans- pruritic, serpiginous rash
244
ancylostoma transm
walking barefoot on contaminated beach/soil
245
ancylostoma rx
bendazoles
PAM
246
trichinella ds
myositis
trichinosis- fever, vom, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia
247
trichinella transm
undercooked meat (esp pork)
248
trichinella rx
bendazoles
249
toxocara canis ds
visceral larva migrans- affects liver, visual imp, seizures, myocarditis
250
toxo canis rx
bendazoles
251
onchocerce ds
black skin nodules
252
onchocerce transm
female black fly
253
onchocerca rx
ivermectin
254
loa loa transm
flies
254
loa loa ds
swelling in skin
255
loa loa rx
diethylcarbamazine
256
wuchereria ds
lymphatic filariasis
257
wuchereria transm
female mosq
258
wuchereria rx
diethylcarbamazine
259
taenia solium other name
intestinal tapeworm
260
taenia solium ds
cysticercosis
neurocysticercosis (cystic CNS lesions)
261
taenia solium transm
ingestion of undercooked pork
262
taenia solium rx
praziquantel
albendazole for neurocysticercosis
263
taenia saginata transm
ingestion of undercooked beef
264
diphyllobothrium lata ds
causes vit b12 def that leads to megaloblastic anemia
265
diphyllobothrium lata transm
ingestion of raw freshwater fish (fish tapeworm)
266
diphyllo lata rx
praziquantel
267
echinococcus ds
hydatid cyst (eggshell calcificatn)
cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis
268
echinococcus transm
dog feces
sheep (int host)
269
echinococcus rx
albendazole, surgery for complicated cysts
270
schistosoma other name
trematodes (flukes)
271
schistosoma ds
portal hyperT
diarrhea
abd pain
IDA
S.haematobium causes SCC of bladder and pulm hyperT
272
schistosoma rx
praziquantel
273
schistosoma transm
snails (int host)
cercariae penetrate skin of humans while swimming)
274
clonorhcis sinesis ds
pigmented gall stones
ass. with cholangiocarcinoma
275
clonorchis transm
undercooked fish
276
clonorchis rx
praziquantel
277
giardia ds
bloating
fatty diarrhea
278
giardia diag
trophozoites, cysts in stool
279
giardia rx
metronidazole
tinidazole
nitazoxanide
280
toxoplasma ds
mononucleosis like symp
in aids pts- brain abscess with ring enhancing lesions on mri
congenital toxo- triad
chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcificatns
281
toxoplasma transm
cysts in meat
oocysts in cat feces
282
toxoplasma rx
sulfadiazine+pyrimethamine
prophylaxis with TMP-SMX
283
plasmodium transm
anopheles mosq
284
plasmodium rx
sensitive- chloroquine
resistant- mefloquine
doxycycline or
atovaquone/proguanil
life threatening- quinine or artesunate
285
when giving artesunate or quinine, what should be kept in consideratn
test pt for g6pd def
286
p malariae fever pattern
72 hour fever (quartan)
287
p vivax/ovale fever pattern
48 hour fever (tertian)
288
p vivax/ovale liver findings
hypnozoites in liver
289
p vivax/ovale rx
add primaquine for hypnozoites in liver
290
p falciparum fever pattern
irregular
291
p falciparum trophozoite shape
headphone
292
p falciparum gametocyte shape
crescent shape
293
trypanosoma cruzi ds
chagas ds
294
chagas ds
dilated cardiomyopathy
megacolon
megaesophagus
unilateral periorbital swelling (romana sign)
295
trypanosoma cruzi transm
triatomine insect (kissing bug)
296
trypanosoma cruzi rx
nifurtimox
297
leishmania ds
visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar)- fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
cutaneous leishamaniasis- skin ulcers
298
leishmania transm
sandfly
299
leishmania diag
macrophages containing amastigotes
300
leishmania rx
AMB
stibogluconate
301
trichomonas vaginalis ds
vaginitis- foul smelling, greenish discharge
302
trichomonas transm
sexual
303
trichomonas diag
strawberry cervix
304
trichomonas rx
metronidazole
305
sarcoptes scabei ds
scabies
306
scabies ds
sarcoptes scabei mites bury into stratum cornea- pruritis and lines b/w fingers and toes
307
scabites transm
fomites
skin to skin contact
308
sarcoptes scabei rx
permethrin cream, oral ivermectin
309
pediculus
