Microbiology

Question 1

What is colonization?

Answer 1

presence of bacteria in insufficient numbers to cause infection

Question 2

How do normal cutaneous flora prevent infection from pathogenic organisms?

Answer 2

through hydrolysis of skin lipids found in sebum to free FAs, which are toxic to some bacteria

Question 3

What causes non-bullous impetigo?

Answer 3

staph aureus (and staph pyogenes)

Question 4

What causes bullous impetigo?

Answer 4

staph aureus phage II, type 71

Question 5

What structural component does bullous impetigo interrupt?

Answer 5

desmogleins

Question 6

How do you treat impetigo?

Answer 6

antibiotics

Question 7

How do you diagnose impetigo?

Answer 7

clinically and with a superficial wound culture

Question 8

Describe common features of Ecthyma.

Answer 8

Typically related to trauma
pustules and vesicles followed by ulcerations with thick adherent crust
Heals with scarring

Question 9

How do you diagnose ecthyma?

Answer 9

wound culture

Question 10

How do you treat ecthyma?

Answer 10

antibiotics

Question 11

What causes ecthyma?

Answer 11

steph pyogens or staph aureus

Question 12

What is an abscess?

Answer 12

a collection of pus with surrounding fibrous reaction

Question 13

What is a furuncle?

Answer 13

an abscess that involves a hair follicle

Question 14

What is a carbuncle?

Answer 14

A collection of furuncles

Question 15

What may mimic an abscess?

Answer 15

A sterile, inflamed ruptured cyst

Question 16

How are abscesses treated?

Answer 16

warm compress, incision and drainage, and possibly antibiotics

Question 17

How do you diagnose an abscess?

Answer 17

clinical appearance and culture of purulent exudate

Question 18

What causes erysipelas?

Answer 18

steph pyrogenes

Question 19

what are some common features of erysipelas?

Answer 19

commonly affects elderly patients
Erythematous plaque with sharply demarcated border
face and lower extremities often involved
lymphatic destruction may result in recurrent infections

Question 20

what causes Erythrasma?

Answer 20

corynebacterium minutissimum

Question 21

What pathology reveals coral red fluoreseence in the wood’s lamp?

Answer 21

Erythrasma

Question 22

What is the treatment for erythrasma?

Answer 22

topical antibiotics or antifungals

Question 23

What is the presentation of erythrasma?

Answer 23

well-defined erythematous patches with fine scale

involves axillae, inguinal folds, gluteal cleft and other sites of moist occlusion

Question 24

What dermatophytes cause tinea?

Answer 24

trichophyton, epidermophyton, and microsporum

Question 25

Tinea cruris spares what?

Answer 25

the scrotum

Question 26

How is tinea diagnosed?

Answer 26

KOH revels branching hyphae (septate)

Question 27

How is tinea treated?

Answer 27

topical antifungals--> clotimazole and terbinafine

Question 28

What causes Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor?

Answer 28

Malassizia furfur

Question 29

How do you diagnose Pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 29

KOH examination that revelas short hyphae and clusters of spores

Question 30

How do you treat tinea versicolor?

Answer 30

topical antifungals, oral antifungals (sweat) and wash skin twice monthly with selenium sulfide to reduce reoccurrence risk

Question 31

what causes cutaneous candidiasis?

Answer 31

candida yeast

Question 32

How do you treat cutaneous candidiasis?

Answer 32

topical antifungals (clotrimazole and nystatin) and zinc oxide paste

Question 33

Describe common features of Cutaneous candidiasis?

Answer 33

``` Often seen in skin folds Erythematous patches with satellite papules and pustules maceration may have foul odor may involve the scrotum ```

Question 34

What pathology causes diaper dermatitis?

Answer 34

Cutaneous Candidiasis

Question 35

What causes seborrheic Dermatitis?

Answer 35

pityrosporum yeast

Question 36

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer 36

topical antifungals, low potency steriods, and anti seborrheic shampoos

Question 37

What are some common features of seborrheic dermatitis>

Answer 37

yellow, greasy scale with or without underlying erythema | occurs on scalp, glabella, alar creases, chin, chest and inguinal folds

Question 38

oral disease is cause by HSV1 or 2?

Answer 38

HSV 1

Question 39

How is Herpes simplex infection diagnosed?

Answer 39

clinical presentation, PCR and Tzanck prep (multinucleated giant cells)

Question 40

What is erythema multiforme (EM)?

Answer 40

recurrent, self-limited eruption of the skin and/or oral mucosa reaction to an underlying HSV, but HSV is not present on skin Presents with targetoid macules

Question 41

Those with Varcella Zoster are at risk for what other pathology?

Answer 41

postherpetic neuralgia

Question 42

How is varicella zoster diagnosed?

Answer 42

Tzanck prep

Question 43

What is the treatment for Varicella Zoster?

Answer 43

antivirals and VZV vaccine

Question 44

What part of the epidermis does HPV effect?

Answer 44

basal keratinocytes

Question 45

What are the warts called that affect the genitals?

Answer 45

condyloma acuminata

Question 46

What subtypes of HPV carry a risk for cervical cancer?

Answer 46

16, 18, 33, and 35

Question 47

pouring what over warts may improve detection?

Answer 47

vinegar

Question 48

What are treatments for warts?

Answer 48

salicyclic acid, cryotherapy, immunotherapy, electrodessication and curettage, laser, and vaccine

Question 49

How do you treat Molluscum Contagiosum?

Answer 49

cryotherapy, curettage, immunotherapy or it resolves spontaneously

Question 50

What causes Erythema Infectiosum (fifth disease)?

Answer 50

Parovirus B19

Question 51

How is erythema infectiosum spread?

Answer 51

through respiratory secretions

Question 52

Where does the sarcopetes scabei mite live?

Answer 52

the stratum corneum

Question 53

how does scabies present?

Answer 53

itense itching, inflammatory papules, vesicles and burrows (linear tracks)

Question 54

What is the treatment for scabies?

Answer 54

topical antiscabetics (permethrin 5% cream)

Question 55

How is erythema infectiosum treated?

Answer 55

No effective treatment