Microcirculation

Question 1

What is the main function of microcirculation?

Answer 1

to transport and exchange nutrients to the tissues and remove cell excreta

Question 2

The walls of capillaries are thing, ___-layer and highly permeable _____ cells

Answer 2

single; endothelial

Question 3

An artery branches 6-8x into an _____, which then branches 2-5x into the ______

Answer 3

arteriole; capillaries

Question 4

The capillary wall is comprised of a unicellular layer consisting of endothelial cells, and has a thin _____ membrane and contains small passageways or ____

Answer 4

basement; pores

Question 5

The intercellular cleft is a ___ between adjacent endothelial cells which allows ____ to freely move

Answer 5

junction; fluids

Question 6

Plasmalemmal vesicles, also known as Caveolae, contain caveolin, cholesterol and lipids and play a major role in ____cytosis and ___cytosis

Answer 6

endocytosis; transcytosis

Question 7

Brain contains ____ junctions, whereas the liver is wide open due to extremely large ____

Answer 7

tight; clefts

Question 8

The glomerular capillaries of the kidney include ____ which penetrate through the middle so small molecular and ionic substances can pass through, but not larger ____ proteins

Answer 8

fenestrae; plasms

Question 9

Is Vasomotion continuous or intermittent?

Answer 9

intermittent

Question 10

Vasomotion depends on the tissue _____

Answer 10

needs

Question 11

Vasomotion is primarily caused by the opening/closing of ______

Answer 11

pre-capillary sphincters

Question 12

The most important factor involved in blood flow regulation is the concentration of ____, __ nutrients and ____ products in the tissues

Answer 12

oxygen, b-nutrients, waste products

Question 13

In the exchange of water and nutrients, there is first a ___ of substances b/w the plasma and interstitial fluid via ____

Answer 13

transfer; diffusion

Question 14

In the exchange of water and nutrients, the diffusion that occurs results from ___ motion of the water molecules and dissolved substances in the fluid, with random movements in which directions?

Answer 14

thermal; all directions

Question 15

The rate of diffusion is ____ to the concentration difference of the substance b/w the ___ sides of the membrane

Answer 15

proportional; 2

Question 16

Particles will diffuse from ___ to ___ concentration

Answer 16

high; low

Question 17

If a membrane is lipid soluble, the gap is 20x ____ than water soluble so that diffusion can occur directly through the cell membranes without having to go through the ____

Answer 17

larger; pores

Question 18

If a membrane is water soluble, things cannot pass through the ____ membranes of the endothelial

Answer 18

lipid

Question 19

Collagen fiber bundles are ___ and provide most of the ____ strength of the tissues

Answer 19

strong; tensional

Question 20

In the interstitial fluid, proteoglycan filaments are 98% ______ and 2% ____

Answer 20

hyaluronic acid; protein

Question 21

Gel is a fluid derived by ____ and _____ from the capillaries and fluid entrapped in _____ filaments

Answer 21

filtration; diffusion; proteoglycan

Question 22

Diffusion through gel is _____

Answer 22

rapid

Question 23

Free fluid is free of _____ filaments and composes less than 1% of the interstitium and interstitial fluid

Answer 23

proteoglycan

Question 24

____ occurs when small pockets and rivulets of free fluid expand tremendously

Answer 24

edema

Question 25

What are the main components of the interstitium and interstitial fluid? (4)

Answer 25

1. Collagen fiber bundles 2. Proteoglycan filaments 3. Gel 4. Free fluid

Question 26

Hydrostatic pressure is the ___ of fluid and its dissolved substances through the capillary pores into the _____

Answer 26

force; interstitial spaces

Question 27

Osmotic pressure is caused by the ____ proteins causing fluid movements by osmosis from the interstitial spaces into the ____

Answer 27

plasma; blood

Question 28

Starling forces include capillary ____ (Pc), interstitial fluid ____ (Pif), capillary ____ colloid ____ pressure (np) and the interstitial ___ colloid osmotic ___ (nif)

Answer 28

pressure pressure plasma; osmotic fluid; pressure

Question 29

Net filtration pressure = ___ + Net fluid filtration - Net fluid _____

Answer 29

NFP; absorption

Question 30

Capillary filtration coefficient (Kf) is the ____ and ____ of pores in each capillary and the number of capillaries in which the blood is ____

Answer 30

number; size | flowing

Question 31

Filtration = ___ x NFP

Answer 31

Kf

Question 32

Mean Capillary Pressure in some tissues such as skeletal muscle and the gut tends to be ____ (direct measures) and ____ (indirect measures)

Answer 32

25 mmHg; 17 mmHg

Question 33

Pressures in large capillary loops include the arterial ends of capillaries (__-__), venous ends of capillaries (__-__) with the average tending to be ___-___ mm Hg

Answer 33

30-40 10-15 17-25

Question 34

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure is ____ variable depending on the particular ____ and physiological condition

Answer 34

highly; tissue

Question 35

In loose subcutaneous tissues, pressures are slightly ____

Answer 35

negative

Question 36

Pumping by which system is the basic cause of negative interstitial fluid pressure?

Answer 36

lymphatic

Question 37

What are the only dissolved constituents in the plasma and interstitial fluids that do not readily pass through the capillary pores?

Answer 37

proetins

Question 38

Proteins of the plasma and interstitial fluids that are responsible for the ____ pressures on the 2 sides of the ___ membrane

Answer 38

osmotic; capillary

Question 39

Colloid osmotic pressure averages about ___ mm Hg

Answer 39

28

Question 40

19 mm Hg of colloid osmotic pressure is caused by what?

Answer 40

molecular effects of dissolved proteins

Question 41

The remaining 9 mm Hg osmotic pressure is caused by what?

Answer 41

the Donnan effect

Question 42

What is the Donnan effect?

Answer 42

Extra osmotic pressure caused by sodium, potassium and other cations held in the plasma by the proteins

Question 43

Capillary pressure at the arterial ends of the capillaries is ___ to ___ mm Hg greater than at the ____ ends

Answer 43

15-25; venous

Question 44

Fluid "filters" out of capillaries at their ____ ends but at their ____ ends, fluid is reabsorbed back into the capillaries

Answer 44

arterial; venous

Question 45

____ amount of fluid actually "flows" through the tissues from the arterial ends of the capillaries to the venous ends

Answer 45

small

Question 46

NFP = (___ - ___) - (___ -___)

Answer 46

(Pc - Pif) - (np-nif)

Question 47

What is starling equilibrium?

Answer 47

Under normal conditions, there is a state of near-equilibrium existing in most capillaries

Question 48

The amount of fluid filtering ___ from the arterial ends of the capillaries equals almost exactly the fluid returned to circulation by ____

Answer 48

outward; absorption

Question 49

The slight disequilibrium that does occur accounts for the fluid that is eventually returned to the circulation by the way of ______

Answer 49

lymphatics

Question 50

Net ___ filtration pressure is largely caused by the ____ system

Answer 50

0.3; lymphatic

Question 51

Filtered fluid in the interstitium occurs via lymphatic system-accessory route through which fluid can flow from where to where?

Answer 51

interstitial spaces into the blood

Question 52

The function and structure of the microcirculation is to transport and exchange _____ and to remove cell ____

Answer 52

nutrients; excreta

Question 53

____ pressure moves fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space

Answer 53

Hydrostatic

Question 54

____ pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space into the blood

Answer 54

Osmotic

Question 55

Colloid osmotic pressure is driven by proteins, ____ being the driving protein

Answer 55

albumin

Question 56

The starling equilibrium would indicate that under normal conditions, the amount of fluid filtering ____ from the ___ ends of the capillaries equals almost exactly the fluid returned to the circulation by ______

Answer 56

outward; arterial; absorption

Question 57

Any fluid that is filtered outward is returned to the circulation via the _____

Answer 57

lymphatics