The Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymph is the term for fluid that does what?

Answer 1

flows into the lymphatics to remove “junk” in the tissues

Question 2

The 3 primary components derived from interstitial fluid

Answer 2

1. Fluid
2. Protein
3. Other Nutrients

Question 3

What helps maintain hydrostatic pressure in lymph?

Answer 3

fluid

Question 4

What helps maintain colloid osmotic pressure in the capillaries (in the lymph)?

Answer 4

proteins

Question 5

Lymphatic capillaries are intertwined with vascular _________

Answer 5

capillary beds

Question 6

Lymphatic vessels can be either ____ or ____

Answer 6

afferent; efferent

Question 7

Efferent vessels carry lymph from the ____ to either one of the lymphatic ____ or to another ____

Answer 7

node; ducts; node

Question 8

Afferent vessels carry lymph to the ____

Answer 8

node

Question 9

Microcirculation includes the diffusion of oxygen, _____, cell ___, electrolytes, ____ and a small amount of ____

Answer 9

carbon dioxide
excreta
water
protein

Question 10

The fluid returns to circulation by diffusing back into circulating _____ (aka capillary absorption)

Answer 10

plasma

Question 11

9/10 of the fluid filtered OUT is caused by capillary ____

Answer 11

absorption

Question 12

The remaining 1/10 of the fluid goes INTO the lymphatic system caused by capillary ____

Answer 12

absorption

Question 13

The arterial side of starling forces indicates that fluid flows from the ____ to ____

Answer 13

capillaries –> interstitial fluid

Question 14

The venous side of starling forces indicates that fluid flows from the ____ to ____

Answer 14

interstitial fluid —> back into the blood

Question 15

The arterial side starling forces in the blood shows a ____ positive hydrostatic pressure and ____ colloid osmotic pressure in the plasms

Answer 15

high; high

Question 16

The arterial side starling forces in the interstitium shows an always ____ hydrostatic pressure and ___ if not ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

Answer 16

negative; low; absent

Question 17

The venous side starling forces in the blood shows a ___ hydrostatic pressure and super ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma

Answer 17

low; high

Question 18

The venous side of starling forces in the interstitium shows a ____ hyrdrostatic pressure and ___ if not ___ colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

Answer 18

high; low; absent

Question 19

The lymphatic pathway (9):

1. Blood ____
2. ___ Tissue
3. ____ Capillary
4. Larger lymph ____
5. ____ angle
6. Lymph ____
7. Precapillary ____
8. Precapillary ____
9. ___ capillaries

Answer 19

1. capillary
2. interstitial
3. lymphatic
4. vessel (collectors and trunks)
5. venous
6. nodes
7. arteries
8. veins
9. blood

Question 20

What acts like a one-way valve allowing flow INTO the lymphatic capillary?

Answer 20

Terminal Lymphatic Capillaries

Question 21

As tissue swells, anchoring filaments pull ___ cells and open pores allowing for fluid to rush ___

Answer 21

endothelial; in

Question 22

Substances with ____ molecular weight like proteins MUST be returned to circulation via lymphatic system

Answer 22

high

Question 23

The overlapping edge in overlapping endothelial cells is free to flap which direction?

Answer 23

inwards

Question 24

What are the 2 primary factors that determine rate of lymph flow?

Answer 24

1. Interstitial Fluid Pressure

2. Pumping of the lymphatic vessel

Question 25

The RATE of lymphatic fluid flow is roughly the product of ____ pressure and ____ of the lymphatic vessel

Answer 25

interstitial fluid; pumping

Question 26

As lymphatic capillaries allow ISF to flow ____, ISF volume in the interstitial compartment contracts, which leads to ___ ISF hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial compartment

Answer 26

INward; decreased

Question 27

Interstitial fluid pressure rate is at a maximum when interstitial pressure is slightly above what?

Answer 27

atmospheric pressure

Question 28

What are the 4 factors that increase interstitial fluid pressure?

Answer 28

1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure 2. Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure 3. Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure 4. Increased permeability of the capillaries

Question 29

As fluid enters a lymphatic vessel, ____ builds and the walls ____

Answer 29

pressure; walls

Question 30

When the smooth muscle around the vessels stretch, what do they do?

Answer 30

contract

Question 31

There is a ___-way valve, similar to that of veins, that ensures the movement of fluid is towards what vital organ?

Answer 31

one; the heart

Question 32

What are 5 external forces that affect lymphatic flow?

Answer 32

1. Contraction of skeletal muscles 2. Movement of body parts 3. Pulsations of arteries near lymphatics 4. Compression of tissues by external objects 5. Gravity

Question 33

What are some methods for compressing the lymphatic tissue using external objects?

Answer 33

1. Massage/manual lymphatic drainage 2. Compression wrapping 3. Compression pumps, like SCDs (sequential compression devices, aka Leg Pumps)

Question 34

What is the ONLY lymphoid organ part of the lymphatic system?

Answer 34

lymph nodes

Question 35

What has a large concentration of lymphocytes and macrophages?

Answer 35

lymph nodes

Question 36

Lymphocytes are a type of what cell?

Answer 36

WBC

Question 37

Macrophages provide non-specific _____

Answer 37

immunity

Question 38

Lymph nodes filter the lymph before returning it to circulation by removing ____, _____ and ____

Answer 38

1. foreign particles 2. cancer cells 3. bacteria

Question 39

The 3 main roles of the lymphatic system

Answer 39

1. "Scavenger" System that removes excess 'stuff' in the body 2. Plays an important role in maintaining the Starling Forces in the capillary beds 3. Aids in the immune response

Question 40

How does the lymphatic system aid in maintaining the Starling Forces of the capillary beds?

Answer 40

1. Removes excess proteins (maintains colloid osmotic pressure) 2. Removes excess fluids (maintains hydrostatic pressure)

Question 41

How does the lymphatic system aid in the immune response of the body?

Answer 41

removes bacteria and faulty cells from the tissues and delivers it to the lymph nodes

Question 42

List the following lymphatic structures in order from smallest to largest (in diameter): a. afferent lymphatic vessels b. thoracic duct c. large collecting ducts d. efferent lymphatic vessels e. lymph nodes f. lymphatic capillaries g. right lymphatic duct

Answer 42

SMALLEST --> LARGEST f. capillaries a. afferent vessels e. lymph nodes d. efferent vessels g. right duct b. thoracic duct c. large collecting ducts

Question 43

Lymphatic Fluid Contents include: 1. excess ____ 2. ____ 3. Nutrients absorbed by the ___ tract 4. ____ and other large ___ particles 5. _____ cells 6. ____cytes and ____phages

Answer 43

1. interstitial fluid 2. proteins 3. nutrients; GI 4. bacteria; waste 5. cancer 6. lymphocytes; macrophages