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PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation > Nervous Regulation of Circulation & Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Nervous Regulation of Circulation & Blood Pressure Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

The Global Functions of the ANS include

  1. Blood flow ____
  2. Altering the ____ activity of the heart
  3. ___ control of arterial pressure
A

Redistribution
Pumping
Rapid

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2
Q

The ANS has significant control over the circulatory system and composed of which 2 nervous systems?

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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3
Q

What vasomotor center of the brain receives information mainly thru the vagi and glossopharyngeal nerves?

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius

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4
Q

Innervation of _____ and _____ allows sympathetic stimulation to ___ resistance to blood flow and thereby decrease the rate of blood flow thru tissues

A

small arteries; arterioles

increase

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5
Q

Innervation of the ____ allows for sympathetic stimulation to ___ the volume of vessels and push blood back ____

A

veins
decrease
to the heart

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6
Q

Parasympathetic innervation’s most important circulatory effect is to control the ___ by way of ___ nerves

A

HR; vagi

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7
Q

Depression of the vasomotor center of the brain can cause the loss of vasomotor tone of blood vessels, resulting in massive ____ of veins. This will result in a condition called as ________.

A

dilation; neurogenic shock

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8
Q

Vasomotor center transmits signals to the sympathetic ______ nerve fibers to create VC tone

A

vasoconstrictor

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9
Q

What condition can occur as a result of losing vasomotor tone?

A

neurogenic shock

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10
Q

Sympathetic Nerve ANS control to HEART includes the neurotransmitters ____ and ____ binding onto ___ receptors

A

NE & Epi

B1

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11
Q

Sympathetic Nerve ANS control to the BLOOD VESSELS has a variety of options:

  1. NE & Epi: ___ Receptors
  2. NE: ___ Receptors
  3. Epi: ___ Receptors*

*= in ___ muscles only (vasodilation)

A

A2

A1

B2
Skeletal

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12
Q

In Adrenal Medulla ANS control to the heart and blood vessels, NE & Epi bind to ___ receptors on the heart and ___ receptors* in the blood

  • = in ___ muscles only (vasodilation)
A

B1

B2
Skeletal

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13
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of the ___ nerve releases neurotransmitter ___ to bind to ___ receptors on the heart

A

vagus
Ach
M2

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14
Q

Vaso____ response does NOT appear to play a major role in skeletal muscle

A

dilator

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15
Q

It is suggested that the _____ system might cause initial vasodilation in skeletal muscle to allow an anticipator ___ in blood flow

A

sympathetic; increase

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16
Q

____ and other metabolites are more likely to contribute to vasodilation

A

Nitric Oxide (NO)

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17
Q

What is the emotional response that causes fainting called?

A

Vasovagal Syncope

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18
Q

How does the Vasovagal Syncope response occur through the brain and body?

  1. ____ cortex
  2. ____ hypothalamus –> splits: A and B

A: inhibition of the ____ nervous system occurs
B: Vagi nerves to the ____

A

Cerebral
Anterior

Sympathetic
Heart

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19
Q

The overall effect of vasovagal syncope is a ___ in HR and a ____ in BP

A

decrease; decrease

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20
Q

The role of the nervous system in controlling BP is important for causing rapid ____ in arterial pressure

A

increases

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21
Q

3 major changes occur simultaneously for the nervous system to control BP:

  1. (most) arterioles of systemic circulation are _____
  2. ____ are strongly constricted
  3. Heart is stimulated directly by the ___ which further enhances cardiac ___
A

constricted
Veins
ANS; pumping

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22
Q

Reciprocal inhibition of the ____ nervous system signals to the heart

A

parasympathetic

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23
Q

The Baroreceptor Reflex is considered a ____ feedback system

A

negative

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24
Q

Circulatory reflex initiated by Baroreceptors:

  1. ___ in pressure sensed by baroreceptors
  2. Baroreceptors send signals to the ___ of the medulla
  3. Secondary signals ____ sympathetic activity and ___ parasympathetic activity
A

Increase
NTS
inhibits; excites

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25
What are the NET effects of Baroreceptor Reflex? 1. Vaso____ of veins/arterioles thru out peripheral circulatory system 2. ____ HR and strength of contraction
dilation | decreased
26
An increase in ARTERIAL pressure is caused by what reflex?
Carotid Sinus Reflex
27
If you occlude the common carotids, you reduce the signal from the baroreceptors and there is ___ inhibition to the vasomotor center which ___ sympathetic activity. The overall result is ____ pressure increase
LESS increases Atrial
28
Baroreceptors can be considered a "buffer" function because they allow powerful moment-to-moment control of what?
arterial pressure
29
Baroreceptor system opposes either
increases or decreases
30
The primary purpose of the baroreceptor system is to reduce the minute-by-minute variation in ____ pressure to about ____ of that which would occur if it was not present
arterial | 1/3
31
The Cardiopulmonary Reflex is caused by _____ sensitive ____ receptors in the atria and pulmonary walls
mechanically; stretch
32
The Cardiopulmonary Reflex is important for minimizing arterial pressure changes in response to what?
changes in blood volume
33
The Cardiopulmonary Reflex is elicited in parallel to the Baroreceptor reflexes to make the total reflex system more potent for control of what?
arterial pressure
34
If there is a sudden increase in plasma volume, Cardiopulmonary Reflex receptors will activate and send signals thru the ___ to the ___ in order to DECREASE blood pressure
Vagi --> NTS
35
If there is a DRASTIC increase in Blood Pressure, what receptors will initially fire at a rapid rate?
baroreceptors
36
Baroreceptors need to reset ___ days following the high pressure levels to which they were exposed
1-2 days
37
Baroreflex may mediate a ____ in renal sympathetic nerve activity which will promote ___ excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys
decrease | increased
38
Chemoreflexes are both ____ and ____
peripheral and central
39
Peripheral Chemoreflexes include the ____ bodies, sense changes in ___ (hypoxia)
carotid | O2
40
Central Chemoreflexes include the _____ and sense changes in ___ and ____ ions
brainstem | CO2; H+
41
Chemoreceptors are NOT a powerful controller of arterial pressure until it drops below ___mmHg
80mmHg
42
Once the MAP drops below 80mmHg, what reflex kicks in to prevent further decline in pressure?
Chemoreflex
43
Volume Reflex is when stretch of the ___ causes reflex ____ of the afferent arterioles in the ___
atria dilation kidneys
44
With Volume Reflex, the atria sends signals to the ____ to decrease secretion of ___ which thus reduces the ____ of water from the tubules
hypothalamus ADH reabsorption
45
Volume Reflex causes a decrease in ___ arteriolar resistance in kidneys which will ___ glomerular capillary pressure and subsequently ____ filtration of fluid into kidney tubules
afferent increase increase
46
What is the overall outcome of Volume Reflex? ___ fluid loss by kidneys and ____ the increased blood volume back to normal
INCREASES; reduces
47
The Bainbridge Reflex is the ____ reflex control of the heart
atrial
48
The effect of Bainbridge Reflex is ____ atrial volume which will stretch the ____ node
increased | sinus
49
(Bainbridge Reflex): | ___ signals through the vagi nerve to the ____
Afferent; medulla
50
(Bainbridge Reflex): | ___ signals transmit back through the vagi and sympathetic nerves to ___ HR and strength of contraction
efferent; increase
51
What reflex causes the heart rate to increase by as much as 15%?
Bainbridge Reflex
52
Exercise Pressor Reflex causes the ____ or maintenance of blood pressure during exercise
increase
53
What reflex signals group III/IV skeletal muscle afferent nerves to the vasomotor center in the medulla?
Exercise Pressor Reflex
54
Mechano/Metabo receptors in the skeletal muscle that respond to muscle stretch changes in the interstitial volume, intramuscular pressure and build up of metabolites during exercise belong to which reflex?
Exercise Pressor Reflex
55
What is the CNS Ischemic Response?
ARTERIAL pressure increase due to cerebral ischemia
56
What reflex can elevate the MAP dramatically, sometimes as high as 250mmHg for as long as 10 minutes due to its job as the emergency pressure control system?
CNS ischemic response
57
What reflex is one of the most powerful of all activators of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor system?
CNS ischemic response
58
What is the outcome of CNS ischemic response reflex?
increase in blood pressure (dramatic)
59
There is sympathetic innervation of arterioles, arteries, venules, and veins but not what?
capillaries
60
____ innervation is MOST important for controlling HR
parasympathetic
61
What are the 6 regulators/reflexes for blood pressure?
1. Sympathetic Control 2. Arterial and Carotid Baroreflex 3. Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex 4. Volume Reflex 5. Exercise Pressor Reflex 6. Chemoreflex
62
The NTS is the main central ____ center and is located in the ____
integration; brainstem

PT 6282: Cardiopulmonary Physiology & Rehabilitation (14 decks)

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