ECG Part II Flashcards by Hannah Garrett

Q

What is a NSTEMI?

A

A non ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Q

A NSTEMI accounts for __% of all heart attacks

A

30%

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Q

A NSTEMI needs cardiac biomarkers to confirm its presence, such as ____ or ____

A

troponin; CPK

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Q

A NSTEMI includes a incomplete ____ vessel and a ___ minor vessel

A

major; complete

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Q

With NSTEMI, there are generally no pathological __ waves

A

Q

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Q

What is a STEMI?

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Q

A STEMI accounts for ___% of all heart attacks

A

70%

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Q

A STEMI includes a ___ major vessel and is usually associated with pathological __ waves

A

complete; Q

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Q

A Normal QRS complex lasts how long?

A

less than or equal to 0.12s

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Q

A Purkinje system block causes the QRS complex to last longer than ___s

A

0.12s

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Q

Bizarre QRS complexes can be caused by destruction of ____ muscle or multiple small blocks along the ____ pathway

A

cardiac; Purkinje

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Q

Electrical activity flows b/w the polarized healthy tissue and the depolarized damaged tissue, causing a ________

A

current of injury

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Q

____ heart muscle will stay depolarized or partially polarized all the time

A

damaged

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Q

Injury Potential is caused by

____ trauma
____ processes that damage the membranes
_____ caused to local areas from coronary occlusions

A

mechanical
infectious
ischemia

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Q

J Point determines the ___ potential

A

zero

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Q

The J point can identify ___ or ___ in different parts of the heart such as lack of oxygen or lack of sufficient food nutrients

A

ischemia or infarction

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Q

Affected wall: Septal

Primary changes: ____
Vessel: ____

A

V1-V2

LAD

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Q

Affected wall: Anterior

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V3-V4 (V2-V5)
II, III, aVF
LAD

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Q

Affected wall: Anterioseptal

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V1-V4
II, III, aVF
LAD

Q

Affected wall: Lateral

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V5-V6 (I or aVL)
II, III, aVF
Cx

Q

Affected wall: Inferior

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

II, III, aVF
V2 &/or I, aVL
RCA or Cx

Q

Affected wall: Posterior

Primary changes: _____
Reciprocal changes: ______
Vessel: _____

A

V1-V4 (ST Depression)
II, III, aVF (ST elevation)
RCA/Posterior Descending`

Q

Cardiac Arrhythmias can include:

Abnormal rhythmicty of ____
Shift of pacemaker from __node to another place
___ at different pts in spread of impulse thru heart
Abnormal ____ of impulse transmission thru heart
Spontaneous generation of spurious ___ in almost any part of the heart

A

pacemaker
SA
blocks
pathways
impulse

Q

Tachycardia is any HR greater than ___bpm while Bradycardia is any HR less than ___bpm

A

100; 60

Ectopic beats include: Atrial: __-__ Junctional: __-__ Ventricular: __-__

60-80 40-60 20-40

Wandering Pacemaker rate can vary and is caused by ___ to the SA node or ___, and can be very benign

ischemia; CHF

A Sinoatrial Block (SA Block) is an impulse from the ___ node being blocked before it enters ___ muscle

sinus; atrial

The main characteristic of a SA Block is a slowed rate of ____ but otherwise not altered

QRS

An AV Block can be caused by ___, ____ or ____ of the AV node/AV bundle fibers

ischemia compression inflammation

An Incomplete AV Block - 1st degree includes: 1. Prolonged ___ or ___ interval 2. >__s the PR interval is said to be prolonged 3. Beyond __-__s conduction is depressed to the pt where it stops altogether

P-R; P-Q 0. 20s 0. 35-0.45s

An Incomplete AV Block - 2nd degree includes: Type I: _____ periodicity Type___

Wenckebach | II

Type I incomplete AV block is a progressive ____ of the PR interval until a ventricular beat is ___ and is then follow by resetting of the PR and repeating of the abnormal cycle

prolongation | dropped

Which type of incomplete AV block is more likely to be treated?

Type II because it may require implantation of pacemaker to prevent progression to a complete heart block and subsequent MI

Type II incomplete AV block includes a fixed number of non-conducted __ waves for every ___ complex (2:1, 3:2, 3:1) and is an abnormality of the ____

p; QRS | bundle of His

Complete AV block is a condition causing poor conduction in the AV node/bundle becoming _____ enough to the point where there is a complete block of the impulse from the ___ into the ventricles

severe; atria

A-Fib is a HR of ___ to ___

350-600

A-Fib causes ___ and ____ strokes in the elderly

falls; ischemic

A-Fib usually causes CO to be less than ___%

30%

A PVC is considered ____ and is known as a "skipped beat"

multifocal

A PVC can be deflected ____ or ____

positive or negative

A PVC is a ventricular ectopic foci with no ___ and a large/wide ____

p-wave; QRS complex

A PVC is considered more dangerous when they are: 1. ___ together 2. ___focal 3. >__ per minute 4. ____ or more

paired together multi- 6 triples

Bigeminy is when every ____ beat is a PVC

second

Ventricular Tachycardia is a HR of ___ to ___

150-200

Ventricular Tachycardia occurs in ____ ventricle with symptoms of a low ___ and sudden death

ischemic; CO

V-Fib is a HR of over ____

300

V-Fib is caused by ischemia, drug overdose, open heart surgery, anesthesia, etc and death can occur within ___ minutes

4