Microcytic Anemia

Question 1

Condition defined by deficient Iron intake or defective Iron absorption

Answer 1

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Question 2

Decreased production of alpha chains results in formation of hemoglobin terramers

Answer 2

Alpha Thalassemia

Question 3

Decreased production of alpha chains results in formation of hemoglobin terramers

Answer 3

Alpha thalassemia

Question 4

Decreased production of beta chains results in increased Hgb A2 and Hgb F levels

Answer 4

Beta thalassemia

Question 5

Enzymatic defect in heme symthesis results in excess iron accumulation in mitochondria and developing RBCs

Answer 5

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 6

Defective iron utilization mediated by hepcidin (an acute phase reactant). Common cause of anemia in hospitalized patients

Answer 6

Chronic Inflammation

Question 7

Quantitative decrease in Globin production. Hgb is structurally normal

Answer 7

Thalassemia

Question 8

What are the conditions associated with Acquired Sideroblastic Anemia

Answer 8

Myelodysplastic syndromes
Medications
Irradiation
Copper deficiency
Alcohol abuse

Question 9

Condition in which there are similar findings to sideroblastic anemia characterized by coarse basophilic stippling. Chemical inhibits enzymes in Hgb synthesis pathway (Ferrochelatase and ALA synthase)

Answer 9

Lead Poisoning

Question 10

Types of Alpha Thalassemia:
1 gene deleted

Answer 10

Silent carrier

Question 11

Types of Alpha Thalassemia:
2 genes deleted

Answer 11

Alpha Thalassemia Minor

Question 12

Types of Alpha Thalassemia:
3 genes deleted

Answer 12

Hemoglobin H disease

Question 13

Types of Alpha Thalassemia:
4 genes are deleted

Answer 13

Bart’s Hydrops fetalis

Question 14

Types of Beta Thalassemia:
Marked decrease or no production of Beta chains
Severe microcytic hypochromic anemia

Answer 14

Beta thalassemia major or cooley’s anemia

Question 15

Types of Beta Thalassemia:
Some beta chains are produced characterized by no to variable anemia

Answer 15

Beta Thalassemia Minor

Question 16

IDENTIFY
Laboratory findings
peripheral blood:
microcytosis and hypochromia
Anisocytosis (⬆️ RDW), poikilocytosis (pencil cells + target cells), thrombocytosis

Bone Marrow:
Mild erythroid hyperplasia
Decreased iron stores

⬆️ ZPP
⬇️ Serum iron
⬆️ TIBC
⬇️ iron saturation (10%)
⬇️ ferritin
⬆️ SSTR

Answer 16

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Question 17

IDENTIFY
Laboratory findings:
Peripheral blood:
Increased RBC count
Low MCV, hct and hgb
Anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, nucleated RBCs, basophilic stippling, polychromasia, target cells

Other findings:
Massive bone marrow expansion (bone changes and skeletal deformities)
Splenomegaly and hypersplenism
Iron overload for transfusion-dependent patients

Answer 17

Thalassemia

Question 18

IDENTIFY
Laboratory findings:
Peripheral blood:
Hypochromic RBCs (inherited)
Dimorphic population of RBCs (inherited)
Basiphilic stippling and Pappenheimer bodies
Macrocytic RBCs (Acquired)

BM:
Erythroid hyperplasia
Increased iron stores
Increased ringed sideroblasts

Chem:
⬆️ serum iron
⬇️ TIBC
⬆️ Iron saturation
⬆️ Ferritin

Answer 18

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 19

IDENTIFY
Laboratory findings:
Peripheral blood:
Normocytic or microcytic anemia
Anisocytosis
Decreased reticulocyte count

BM:
Increased iron stores

Chem:
N or ⬇️ serum iron
N or ⬇️ TIBC
>15% iron saturation
N to ⬆️ ferritin
N SSTR

Answer 19

Anemia secondary to Chronic Inflammation