What is the main purpose of using a computer in physiology labs?
To collect, graph, and analyze data, as well as to research information online.
What does a pulse oximeter measure?
Blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate.
What is a column graph best used for?
Comparing discrete categories, like pulse rate in different body positions
What is the difference between a column graph and a line graph?
Column graphs show discrete comparisons; line graphs show trends or continuous data.
What is parfocal in microscopy?
Lenses that stay in focus when switching from one objective lens to another.
What is inversion in microscopy?
The phenomenon where the image appears upside down and reversed through a compound microscope.
What is the depth of field?
The thickness of a specimen that remains in focus at a given magnification.
How does field of view change with magnification?
Field of view is larger at low power and smaller at high power.
Why should you never use the coarse focus knob with high-power objectives?
Because it can crash the objective into the slide and damage the specimen or lens.
What is the resolving power of a microscope?
The ability to distinguish two points as separate; for a compound microscope, about 0.2 microns.
How is magnification calculated?
Total magnification = ocular lens magnification × objective lens magnification.
What is a working distance?
The distance between the objective lens and the specimen when in focus.
What is an artifact in microscopy?
A structure or feature seen in a specimen that is not naturally present, usually caused by preparation.
What is the function of the ocular lens?
Magnifies the image of the specimen.
What is the function of the revolving nosepiece?
Holds the objective lenses and allows switching between them.
What is the function of the iris diaphragm?
Adjusts the amount of light passing through the specimen.
What is the function of the stage and stage control?
Holds the slide and allows precise movement of the slide.
What is the function of the focus knobs (coarse and fine)?
Coarse: quickly moves the stage for rough focus; Fine: adjusts the focus precisely.
What is the function of a coverslip?
Protects the specimen and the objective lens, and flattens the sample.
What is the difference between magnification and resolution?
Magnification enlarges the image; resolution determines the detail that can be distinguished.
What does the substage condenser do?
Concentrates light on the specimen for better illumination.
Why do microscopes use oil with the 100X objective?
To reduce light scattering and increase resolution.
What are red blood cells and how do they appear under a microscope?
Cells carrying hemoglobin, round, pink, and without nuclei.
What are white blood cells and how do they appear under a microscope?
Cells involved in immunity, fewer in number, with dark-stained nuclei.
