Middle childhood week 5 chapter 7

Question 1

measure of the ratio of weight to height

Answer 1

body mass index (BMI)

Question 2

Middle childhood is the
time of life when people
are most likely to be slim T or F?

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Are boys stronger than girls in middle chilhood?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

hearing in middle childhood usually ___ due the tube in the middle ear maturing and is now longer and narrower

Answer 4

improves

Question 5

visual condition of being unable to see distant objects clearly; also known as being nearsighted

Answer 5

myopia

Question 6

vision usually gets better in middle childhood. T or F?

Answer 6

false

Question 7

rates of myopia is highest in ____ countries

Answer 7

developed

Question 8

__% of children in developed countries need glasses by end of middle childhood

Answer 8

25

Question 9

Increasing myelination of the ____ connecting the two hemispheres of the brain accelerates reaction time in middle childhood for both gross motor and fine motor tasks

Answer 9

corpus callosum

Question 10

the ability to solve cognitive problems without becoming
distracted and to adjust one’s strategy as the nature of a problem changes

Answer 10

executive function

Question 11

Health authorities recommend ___ minutes of physical activity a day for children, which includes sport, running around, dance and active transport

Answer 11

60

Question 12

physical activity improves executive functioning. T or F?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

in the course of middle childhood children learn to indicate _____depth by overlapping
objects and making near objects larger than distant ones

Answer 13

three-dimensional

Question 14

in children, defined as having a BMI exceeding 18

Answer 14

overweight

Question 15

in children, defined as having a BMI exceeding 21

Answer 15

obesity

Question 16

chronic illness of the lungs characterised by wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath

Answer 16

asthma

Question 17

Rates of asthma are highest in ____ and are increasing worldwide

Answer 17

middle childhood

Question 18

Asthma is the most common chronic condition for children in Australia, affecting __% of those under age 14

Answer 18

11

Question 19

in Piaget’s theory, the cognitive stage in which children become capable of using mental operations (primary school aged.)

Answer 19

concrete operations

Question 20

ability to arrange things in a logical order, such as shortest to longest, thinnest to thickest, or
lightest to darkest

Answer 20

seriation

Question 21

ability to focus attention on
relevant information and
disregard what is irrelevant

Answer 21

selective attention

Question 22

memory strategies, such as
rehearsal, organisation and
elaboration

Answer 22

mnemonics

Question 23

mnemonic that involves
repeating the same information
over and over

Answer 23

rehearsal

Question 24

mnemonic that involves placing
things mentally into meaningful
categories

Answer 24

organisation

Question 25

mnemonic that involves transforming bits of information in a way that connects them and hence makes them easier to remember

Answer 25

elaboration

Question 26

understanding of how memory works

Answer 26

metamemory

Question 27

capacity for acquiring knowledge, reasoning and solving problems

Answer 27

intelligence

Question 28

score of mental ability as assessed by intelligence tests, calculated relative to the performance of other people of the same age

Answer 28

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 29

in a distribution of data, the score that is precisely in the middle, with half the distribution lying above and half below

Answer 29

median

Question 30

typical distribution of characteristics of a population, resembling a bell curve in which most cases fall near the middle and the proportions decrease at the low and high extremes

Answer 30

normal distribution

Question 31

level of cognitive abilities of people who score 70 or below on IQ tests

Answer 31

intellectual disability

Question 32

in IQ test performance, people who score 130 or above

Answer 32

gifted

Question 33

steep rise in the median IQ score in Western countries during the 20th century, named after James Flynn, who first identified it

Answer 33

Flynn effect

Question 34

Gardner’s theory that there are eight distinct types of intelligence Is musical a

Answer 34

theory of multiple intelligences

Question 35

Sternberg’s theory that there are three distinct but related forms of intelligence

Answer 35

triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 36

Around age 7, children make an important cognitive advance towards becoming more systematic, organised and logical thinkers. Piaget termed the cognitive stage from age 7 to 11 what?

Answer 36

concrete operations.

Question 37

According to Piaget, the advances of concrete operations are evident in new abilities for performing tasks of ___, ____and____

Answer 37

conservation, classification and seriation

Question 38

the third achievement of concrete operations emphasised by Piaget, is the ability to arrange things in a logical order

Answer 38

Seriation

Question 39

The most widely used intelligence tests are the?

Answer 39

The Wechsler intelligence tests

Question 40

capable of using two or more languages

Answer 40

multilingual

Question 41

in the understanding of language, skills that reflect awareness of the underlying structure of language

Answer 41

metalinguistic skills

Question 42

method of teaching reading that advocates breaking down words into their component sounds, called phonics, then putting the phonics together into words

Answer 42

phonics approach

Question 43

method of teaching reading in which the emphasis is on the meaning of written language in whole passages, rather than breaking down words into their smallest components

Answer 43

whole-language approach

Question 44

research method that involves having people wear beepers or have access to a mobile device or hand-held computer, usually for a period of 1 week; when they are alerted at random times during the day, they record a variety of characteristics of their experience at that moment

Answer 44

Experience Sampling Method (ESM)

Question 45

considered the golden age emotionally of development

Answer 45

middle childhood

Question 46

emotional state of experiencing two contradictory emotions at once

Answer 46

ambivalence

Question 47

person’s perception and evaluation of him- or hersel

Answer 47

self-concept

Question 48

a person’s overall sense of worth and wellbeing

Answer 48

Self-esteem

Question 49

how people view themselves in relation to others with regard to status, abilities or achievements

Answer 49

social comparison

Question 50

For most children and adolescents, ____is the strongest contributor to overall self esteem

Answer 50

physical appearance

Question 51

general term used to describe people who do not retain the gender identity they were assigned at birth

Answer 51

transgender

Question 52

general term used to describe people who biologically are not unambiguously male or female exclusively

Answer 52

intersex

Question 53

general term used to describe people who retain the gender identity they were given at birth

Answer 53

cisgender

Question 54

relationship between parents and children in which parents provide broad guidelines for behaviour but children are capable of a substantial amount of independent, self-directed behaviour

Answer 54

co-regulation

Question 55

pattern in relations between parents and children in which children’s disobedient behaviour evokes harsh responses from parents, which in turn makes children even more resistant to parental control, evoking even harsher responses

Answer 55

coercive cycle

Question 56

4 catagories of social status in middle childhood.

Answer 56

popular, rejected, neglected and controversial

Question 57

social information processing (SIP)

Answer 57

in social encounters, evaluations of others’ intentions, motivations and behaviour

Question 58

Erikson’s middle childhood stage, in which the alternatives are to learn to work effectively with cultural materials or, if adults are too critical, develop a sense of being incapable of working effectively

Answer 58

industry versus inferiority

Question 59

estimated that about ___million children aged 5–11 are employed worldwide, which is about 9% of the total population of children in that age group

Answer 59

73