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developmental psychology > Middle childhood week 5 chapter 7 > Flashcards

Middle childhood week 5 chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

measure of the ratio of weight to height

A

body mass index (BMI)

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2
Q

Middle childhood is the
time of life when people
are most likely to be slim T or F?

A

true

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3
Q

Are boys stronger than girls in middle chilhood?

A

no

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4
Q

hearing in middle childhood usually ___ due the tube in the middle ear maturing and is now longer and narrower

A

improves

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5
Q

visual condition of being unable to see distant objects clearly; also known as being nearsighted

A

myopia

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6
Q

vision usually gets better in middle childhood. T or F?

A

false

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7
Q

rates of myopia is highest in ____ countries

A

developed

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8
Q

__% of children in developed countries need glasses by end of middle childhood

A

25

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9
Q

Increasing myelination of the ____ connecting the two hemispheres of the brain accelerates reaction time in middle childhood for both gross motor and fine motor tasks

A

corpus callosum

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10
Q

the ability to solve cognitive problems without becoming
distracted and to adjust one’s strategy as the nature of a problem changes

A

executive function

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11
Q

Health authorities recommend ___ minutes of physical activity a day for children, which includes sport, running around, dance and active transport

A

60

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12
Q

physical activity improves executive functioning. T or F?

A

True

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13
Q

in the course of middle childhood children learn to indicate _____depth by overlapping
objects and making near objects larger than distant ones

A

three-dimensional

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14
Q

in children, defined as having a BMI exceeding 18

A

overweight

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15
Q

in children, defined as having a BMI exceeding 21

A

obesity

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16
Q

chronic illness of the lungs characterised by wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath

A

asthma

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17
Q

Rates of asthma are highest in ____ and are increasing worldwide

A

middle childhood

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18
Q

Asthma is the most common chronic condition for children in Australia, affecting __% of those under age 14

A

11

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19
Q

in Piaget’s theory, the cognitive stage in which children become capable of using mental operations (primary school aged.)

A

concrete operations

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20
Q

ability to arrange things in a logical order, such as shortest to longest, thinnest to thickest, or
lightest to darkest

A

seriation

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21
Q

ability to focus attention on
relevant information and
disregard what is irrelevant

A

selective attention

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22
Q

memory strategies, such as
rehearsal, organisation and
elaboration

A

mnemonics

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23
Q

mnemonic that involves
repeating the same information
over and over

A

rehearsal

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24
Q

mnemonic that involves placing
things mentally into meaningful
categories

A

organisation

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25
Q

mnemonic that involves
transforming bits of information
in a way that connects them and
hence makes them easier to
remember

A

elaboration

26
Q

understanding of how memory
works

A

metamemory

27
Q

capacity for acquiring knowledge,
reasoning and solving problems

A

intelligence

28
Q

score of mental ability as
assessed by intelligence tests,
calculated relative to the
performance of other people of
the same age

A

intelligence quotient (IQ)

29
Q

in a distribution of data, the
score that is precisely in the
middle, with half the distribution
lying above and half below

A

median

30
Q

typical distribution of
characteristics of a population,
resembling a bell curve in which
most cases fall near the middle
and the proportions decrease at
the low and high extremes

A

normal distribution

31
Q

level of cognitive abilities of
people who score 70 or below
on IQ tests

A

intellectual disability

32
Q

in IQ test performance, people
who score 130 or above

A

gifted

33
Q

steep rise in the median IQ
score in Western countries
during the 20th century, named
after James Flynn, who first
identified it

A

Flynn effect

34
Q

Gardner’s theory that there are
eight distinct types of
intelligence
Is musical a

A

theory of multiple
intelligences

35
Q

Sternberg’s theory that there are
three distinct but related forms
of intelligence

A

triarchic theory of
intelligence

36
Q

Around age 7, children make an important cognitive advance towards becoming more systematic,
organised and logical thinkers. Piaget termed the cognitive stage from age 7 to 11 what?

A

concrete
operations.

37
Q

According to Piaget, the advances of concrete operations are evident in new abilities
for performing tasks of ___, ____and____

A

conservation, classification and seriation

38
Q

the third achievement of concrete operations emphasised by Piaget, is the ability
to arrange things in a logical order

A

Seriation

39
Q

The most widely used intelligence tests are the?

A

The Wechsler intelligence tests

40
Q

capable of using two or more
languages

A

multilingual

41
Q

in the understanding of
language, skills that reflect
awareness of the underlying
structure of language

A

metalinguistic skills

42
Q

method of teaching reading that
advocates breaking down words
into their component sounds,
called phonics, then putting the
phonics together into words

A

phonics approach

43
Q

method of teaching reading in
which the emphasis is on the
meaning of written language in
whole passages, rather than
breaking down words into their
smallest components

A

whole-language approach

44
Q

research method that involves
having people wear beepers or
have access to a mobile device
or hand-held computer, usually
for a period of 1 week; when
they are alerted at random times
during the day, they record a
variety of characteristics of their
experience at that moment

A

Experience Sampling
Method (ESM)

45
Q

considered the golden age emotionally of development

A

middle childhood

46
Q

emotional state of experiencing
two contradictory emotions at
once

A

ambivalence

47
Q

person’s perception and
evaluation of him- or hersel

A

self-concept

48
Q

a person’s overall sense of worth and wellbeing

A

Self-esteem

49
Q

how people view themselves in
relation to others with regard to
status, abilities or achievements

A

social comparison

50
Q

For
most children and adolescents, ____is the strongest contributor to overall self
esteem

A

physical appearance

51
Q

general term used to describe
people who do not retain the
gender identity they were
assigned at birth

A

transgender

52
Q

general term used to describe
people who biologically are not
unambiguously male or female
exclusively

A

intersex

53
Q

general term used to describe
people who retain the gender
identity they were given at birth

A

cisgender

54
Q

relationship between parents and children in which parents provide broad guidelines for behaviour
but children are capable of a substantial amount of independent, self-directed behaviour

A

co-regulation

55
Q

pattern in relations between parents and children in which children’s disobedient behaviour evokes
harsh responses from parents, which in turn makes children even more resistant to parental
control, evoking even harsher responses

A

coercive cycle

56
Q

4 catagories of social status in middle childhood.

A

popular, rejected, neglected and controversial

57
Q

social information processing (SIP)

A

in social encounters, evaluations of others’ intentions, motivations and behaviour

58
Q

Erikson’s middle childhood stage, in which the alternatives are to learn to work effectively with
cultural materials or, if adults are too critical, develop a sense of being incapable of working
effectively

A

industry versus inferiority

59
Q

estimated that about ___million children aged 5–11 are
employed worldwide, which is about 9% of the total population of children in that age group

A

73

60
Q
A

developmental psychology (8 decks)

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