Midterm 1 Terms Flashcards
(30 cards)
Pulmonary and systemic circulation
pulmonary is deoxygenated to blood, systemic to the body and is oxygenated
Atherosclerosis
80 percent of cardiac diseases, can lead to aneurysm, atheromatous plaques build up inside of arteries
Atheroma
abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of the wall of an artery
valve stenosis
narrowing of pulmonary valve
valve prolapse
bulging of the valves (floppy valves), they don’t close properly and cause leakage.
valve insufficiency
leaky valves, leaflets do not close completely and blood leaks backward.
diastole and systole
Diastole is when heart fills with blood, systole when it squeezes it out
cardiac output
describes the amount of blood your heart pumps each minute. Formula: CO = Stroke
Volume x HR. Normal 5000mL/min or 5L/min
auto-rhythmicity
Order is SA node (pacemaker), AV node, Bundle of His, Bundle branches and purkinje fibers.
stenosis
valve that is narrowed and doesn’t open properly.
Aneurysm
abnormal stretching (dilation) of the artery wall, the vein wall or the heart with a
diameter that is at least 50% greater than normal. Most common in aorta, femoral, thoracic
aneurysm and abdominal aneurysm.
heart murmur
turbulence in the heart
dextrocardia
the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest, can be asymptomatic
Teratology of Fallot
four abnormalities that results in insufficiently oxygenated blood pumped
to the body – narrowing of the pulmonary valve, Thickening of wall of right ventricle, Displacement of aorta over ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect (opening between the left and right ventricles
ventricular septal defect
most common congenital heart defect, mixing of blood in the left and right heart chambers
pericardial effusion
the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart
restrictive cardiomyopathy
rigidity of myocardium due to replacement of normal muscle with abnormal tissue. Though the heart can squeeze well, it’s not able to relax between beats normally. This makes it harder for the heart to fill with blood. The blood backs up in the circulatory system.
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
most often caused by abnormal genes in the heart muscle. These
genes cause the walls of the heart chamber (left ventricle) to contract harder and become thicker than normal. The thickened walls become stiff
dilated cardiomyopathy
most common type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. In dilated
cardiomyopathy, the heart’s ability to pump blood is decreased because the heart’s main
pumping chamber, the left ventricle, is enlarged, dilated and weak
cor pulmonale
right sided heart failure, an enlargement of the R ventricle due to high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, usually caused by chronic lung disease.
cardiac tamponade
medical emergency, compression of the heart by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac (pericardial effusion)
arrhythmia’s
disturbance of heart rate or rhythm due to problems in the generation and conduction of electrical impulse in the heart. Normal HR – 60-100 bpm.
Tachycardia
increased HR at rest (over 100 bpm)
Bradycardia
decreased HR at rest (under 60 bpm)
