Midterm

Question 1

Media

Answer 1

one of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society, as newspapers, radio, or television.

Question 2

New Media

Answer 2

Emerging Digital media

Question 3

How we got to now:

Answer 3

Human senses–>gesture–>signs–>speech–>cave paintings–>pictogram–>ideogram–>logographic writing–>phonographic writing

Question 4

Human senses and limitation

Answer 4

Foundation of experience; limitation: only input

Question 5

Gestures and limitation

Answer 5

Produce signals; limitation: real-time, physical objects

Question 6

Signs and limitation

Answer 6

Semiotics; abstract/not just about what is present; limitation: real-time

Question 7

Speech and limitation

Answer 7

More variety, easier, distance; limitation: real-time

Question 8

Cave painting and limitation

Answer 8

Permanence! Limitation: clarity, non-abstract things

Question 9

Pictogram and limitation

Answer 9

Standardized, sequence; can be repeated; limitation: clarity

Question 10

Ideogram and limitation

Answer 10

Abstraction; limitation: clarity

Question 11

Logoraphic writing and limitation

Answer 11

(Ie, Chinese); grammar, standardization; limitation: can’t keep adding words

Question 12

Phonographic writing

Answer 12

Infinite!

Question 13

Papyrus:

Answer 13

Solved problem of durability/permanence/portability

Question 14

Greek semaphore

Answer 14

Needed infrastructure; limit to line of sight and weather

Question 15

Couriers

Answer 15

letters lost, trust messenger, must know where to go

Question 16

Early newspapers

Answer 16

First mass communication

Question 17

Printing Press and Movable Type

Answer 17

Now have speed and copies

Question 18

Typewriter

Answer 18

Available to individuals

Question 19

Telegraph

Answer 19

1st electronic communication; real time transmission

Question 20

Innovations by Digital revolution

Answer 20

Ability to perfectly reproduce info ad infinitum at a cost over time asymptotically close to zero; ability to store and process info at a scale beyond human ability

Question 21

ASCII

Answer 21

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Question 22

HDD

Answer 22

Hard disk drive- spinning

Question 23

SSD

Answer 23

Solid state drive- uses integrated circuits to store data electrically

Question 24

Byte

Answer 24

8 bits

Question 25

CPU

Answer 25

Central Processing Unit; brain/clock (linear)

Question 26

Why are CPUs multicore?

Answer 26

Faster-->more heat and also getting smaller and smaller; lowers heat and lowers power consumption

Question 27

GPU

Answer 27

Graphics Processing Unit; parallel

Question 28

SoC

Answer 28

System on a Chip (Smartphones)

Question 29

RAM

Answer 29

Random Access memory (working memory); nothing is permanent

Question 30

Pixel

Answer 30

Picture element

Question 31

Retina Display

Answer 31

Apple marketing term; number of pixels packed in

Question 32

CRT

Answer 32

Crystal Ray Tube; emits electrons into pixel grid

Question 33

LCD

Answer 33

Liquid crystal display; electric current over crystals and LED backlight

Question 34

Plasma Display

Answer 34

Ionized gases create bright light

Question 35

OLED

Answer 35

Organic light emitting diode; individual light turned on and off at each spot (Apple watch)

Question 36

USB 3

Answer 36

Non-reversible; too big

Question 37

USB C

Answer 37

Smaller; will take over

Question 38

Thunderbolt

Answer 38

Apple display port

Question 39

Lightning

Answer 39

First reversible cable; iOS

Question 40

HDMI

Answer 40

High Def Multimedia Interface

Question 41

VGA

Answer 41

Video Graphics Adaptor

Question 42

ARPA

Answer 42

Advanced Research Projects Agency

Question 43

ARPANET

Answer 43

Early packet switching network; first to implement TCP/IP

Question 44

Robert Metcalf

Answer 44

Ethernet at Xerox PARC 1973

Question 45

Minitel

Answer 45

France 1978

Question 46

Tim Berners Lee

Answer 46

Invented World Wide Web 1991 on a NEXT computer at CERN

Question 47

Internet takeover

Answer 47

1% in 1993, 51% in 2000, 97% in 2007

Question 48

Joseph Licklider

Answer 48

Invented Intergalactic Computer Network

Question 49

1982

Answer 49

ARPANet networking standard publicly available

Question 50

1985

Answer 50

First .com address

Question 51

Network Packets

Answer 51

circuit switching: single uninterrupted wire connection; packet switching: packages, increases bandwidth and number of computers

Question 52

IP

Answer 52

Internet protocol; (172.194.121.32=google.com)

Question 53

DNS

Answer 53

Domain name system- layer on top of IP

Question 54

Internet

Answer 54

Any set of network computers that communicate over Internet Protocol

Question 55

Web

Answer 55

Layer on top of internet with publicly available addresses and docs linked to other docs

Question 56

Router

Answer 56

Distributes internet to computers

Question 57

Modem

Answer 57

Interprets from internet service provider

Question 58

URL

Answer 58

Uniform Resource Locator- way we specify where on a site we want to go

Question 59

TLD

Answer 59

top level domain (.gov, .com)

Question 60

web server

Answer 60

computer mozilla is running on

Question 61

HTTP

Answer 61

Hypertext transfer protocol- how is website being communicated from one to the other one

Question 62

Ethernet

Answer 62

Main wired interface for connecting computers to local area networks

Question 63

Wifi

Answer 63

Main wireless interface for connecting computers to local area networks

Question 64

Dial-Up Internet

Answer 64

Over existing phone lines

Question 65

DSl

Answer 65

Digital subscriber line; copper like dial up but for data only

Question 66

Fiber

Answer 66

Fiberoptic cables; sends pulses of light

Question 67

When did the term new media become big?

Answer 67

the 1990s

Question 68

First permanent form of communication

Answer 68

Cave painting