Final Flashcards
1
Q
New Media
A
Emerging digital media
2
Q
When did the term new media come about?
A
First appeared in the early 1900s, then took off in the 1980s and peaked in 2000s
3
Q
Media
A
One of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society as newspapers, radio, or television
4
Q
Drawback of human senses
A
Only input
5
Q
Drawback of gestures
A
Must be present, much have meaning
6
Q
Innovation and drawback of pointing
A
Beyond the self but must be present
7
Q
Semiotics
A
Signs
8
Q
Innovation of signs
A
Abstraction
9
Q
Innovation and drawback of speech
A
Distance/line of sign but permanence
10
Q
Innovation and drawback of cave painting
A
Permanence but clarity/non-abstract
11
Q
Innovation of pictograms
A
Standardize and sequence
12
Q
Innovation of ideograms
A
Abstraction!
13
Q
Drawback of logographic writing
A
Doesn’t scale well
14
Q
What is English writing?
A
Alphabetic/phonographic writing
15
Q
Telecommunication
A
communication at/across a distance
16
Q
Drawback of courier/mail
A
Letters lost/intercepted, must trust messenger, knowledge of where to deliver the message
17
Q
First form of mass communication
A
Newspaper
18
Q
What did the printing press lead to?
A
Mass media
19
Q
When did the telegraph first come about?
A
Early 1800s
20
Q
What was the first form of electronic communication?
A
Telegraph
21
Q
What was the innovation of the telegraph?
A
Speed
22
Q
Metcalfe’s Law
A
Value of telecommunication network is proportional to square of the number of connected users (exponentially)
23
Q
Disruptive technologies
A
Far worse than existing but superior in one key vector; disrupting what’s established
24
Q
Computers
A
The ability to perfectly reproduce information ad infinitum at a cost over time has become asymptotically close to zero and the ability to store and process information at a scale and speed beyond human ability
25
Bit
Binary digit; 0 or 1
26
Byte
8 bits; can store one letter
27
Hard disk drive
Spinning hard drive
28
Solid state drive
integrated circuits to store data electronically
29
Kilobyte -->
Megabyte --> Gigabyte --> Terabyte
30
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
31
CPU
Central Processing Unit- Brain of the computer/clock; electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program
32
What is CPU speed measured in?
Gigahertz
33
What is CPU speed limited by?
Heat
34
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit; Parallel to handle graphics
35
System on a chip
All components of a computer on a single chip
36
Random Access memory
Working memory; only stores while device is on
37
Pixel
Picture element
38
Cathode Ray Tube
Electron gun to display images
39
Liquid Crystal Display
Flat panel display using light modulating properties of liquid crystals
40
Light emitting diode
Semiconductor light source
41
Plasma Display
Uses electronically charged ionized gases
42
Organic Light Emitting Diode
Organic compound emitting light
43
HDMI
High definition multimedia interface; audio/video transfer
44
3 rules of hardware
Over time computer hardware becomes: smaller, mechanically simpler, faster/more efficient
45
Moore's Law
Tech doubles every 2 years
46
Code
Set of symbols interpreted by a computer or piece of software
47
Algorithm
Solves a problem
48
Programming language
System for encoding, naming, and organizing algorithms for reuse and application
49
Standard library
Set of premade software you can reuse and reapply
50
Object-oriented programming
Filing system for code; like labeled boxes full of specific data/methods
51
Database
Library where data is stored and can be called from
52
How does code work?
Written in a language, run letter by letter through a compiler, making instructions for the computer to execute
53
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Software suite that consolidates basic tools developers need to write and test software; contains code editor, compiler/interpretor, debugger accessible through a single graphical user interface
54
Software development kit
Set of software tools that allows the creation of applications
55
Where did networks originate?
originated in military-->academic institutions-->tech corporations-->everywhere
56
Internet takeover
1993: 1%, 2000: 51%, 2007: 97%
57
ARPA/DARPA
(Defense) Advanced Research Projects Agency; US agency responsible for developing emerging technology for use in military
58
ARPANET
Network that became the basis for the Internet
59
When did ARPANET go live?
1969
60
What did Metcalfe invent?
Ethernet, at Xerox PARC, in 1970s
61
Minitel
France, 1978
62
Sir Tim Berners lee
Created world wide web in 1991 on a NEXT Computer
63
Internet
Large network of interconnected computers
64
Modem
Turns information from our network into information manageable by the telephone infrastructure and vice versa
65
Router
Shares internet connection among multiple devices
66
IP Address
String of numbers representing place on the web
67
Packets
Small chunks of info sent across networks
68
Search engine
Finds websites, divided into webpages and live on web servers
69
Domain name
Unique name of website between www and .com
70
Domain name system
Hierarchical decentralized naming system for computers, services, or any resources connected to the internet or a private netowrk
71
URL
Uniform resources locator; a reference (address) to a resource on the internet
72
HTTP
Hypertext transfer protocol; application protocol that makes the web work- web servers and web browsers use to communicate with each other over the internet
73
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language- well known markup page used to develop web pages
74
IP
Internet Protocol; defines how computers send packets of data to each other
75
Apple co-founders
Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Ronald Wayne
76
Story of Apple
Founded April Fool's Day, 1976, in Jobs garage, focus on personal computers
77
Apple I
First computer from Apple
78
Apple II
Carried the company
79
Apple III
Not successful
80
Lisa
Developed 1983, first personal computer to offer GUI (graphical user interface)- aimed at individual business owners (too $$)
81
NeXT
Created by Jobs 1985; brought by Apple 1997, prompted Jobs return to Apple
82
When was iPod invented?
2001
83
When was iTunes invented?
2003
84
When was iPhone released?
June 2007
85
When was first Apple store?
2001
86
Rise of smartphones
40 million subscribers by 2001, expect 40 billion by 2020
87
Android
Released Oct 2008, acquired by Google 2005
88
What was the first Android?
T-Mobil G1
89
Who created Android?
Andy Robin
90
Salesforce
Launched 1999; pioneered SaaS model- key offering of cloud computing
91
Amazon web services
Launched in 2006; increase audience of cloud computing
92
Cloud computing
Form of internet-based computing that provides shared processing resources and data to computers and other devices on-demand-->store and process data in third party data centers
93
IaaS
Providers offer computing infrastructure
94
PaaS
Provides deliver computing platform including OS, programming language execution environment, database, and web server
95
SaaS
On demand software, where users gain access to application software and databases
96
Big data
Data sets that are so large or complex that traditional data processing is inadequate
97
3 V's
Volume, velocity, variety
98
Google co-founders
Larry Page and Sergey Brin
99
Who took over as grown up CEO of Google?
Eric Schmidt in 2001
100
When was Google registered?
1997
101
Mission of google
organize world's information and make it universally accessible and useful
102
Adwords
Launches in 2000, began profitability
103
Gmail
Launches April Fool's Day in 2004
104
Google Maps
Launches 2005 and revolutionizes online mapping
105
Google Analytics
Launches 2005 and offers free tool to better understand user behavior
106
Newspaper circulations pattern
Print and digital are consistently declining along with ad revenue
107
Cable and TV network pattern
going strong
108
Commerce
Purchasing and selling goods/services on a large scale
109
E-Commerce
Any business or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of info across the internet
110
Tech companies creating competition to news organization and stealing digital ad revenue
Facebook, Google, Yahoo, Twitter, Apple
111
Two roles left to news organizations
Writing and reporting
112
Digital news suffers from
Incidental readership- read one article then leave
113
Showrooming
Being able to see or inspect an item in a store then purchasing it online
114
What year did students use ARPANET for cannabis sale?
1971
115
Who invented online shopping?
Michael Aldrich in 1979
116
Netscape's innovation for commerce online
SSL (Secure socket layer) in 1994
117
When was Amazon.com invented?
1995 by Jeff bazones
118
When was eBay invented?
1995 by Pierce Omidyar
119
Product Service System example
Uber, AirBnB
120
Redistribution markets example
eBay, Craigslist
121
Unicorn
Privately held and valued at $1 billion
122
IPO
Initial public offering; stock market launch where shares of a company are sold to institutional investors that in turn sell to the public
123
Venture capitals and angel investors
Help startups begin operations, exchanging seed money for equity shares
124
Bootstrapping
Startups are funded by founders
125
Existing companies execute a business model, startups
Look for one
126
Instant messaging
Connects two people online communicating in real time
127
Texting
asynchronous mobile communication
128
Social media 7 functional building blocks
Identity; conversations; sharing; presence; relationships; reputation; groups
129
Context collapse
Audiences possible online versus limited groups we see face to face
130
First text ever sent
Dec 3, 1992, Niel Papworth to Richard Jarvis; said Merry Christmas
131
Compact Disc invented?
1982 by James Russell
132
Uncompressed
CD; increase file size but no loss in quality
133
Compressed
MP3; lower size but quality loss
134
MP3
Moving Pictures Expert Group Audio Layer III; audio encoding format for digital audio, reduces data
135
Napster
1999-2001; peer to peer file sharing cofounded by Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker; Metallica lawsuit led to shut down
136
iTunes opens
2003: legal alternative to internet music downloading; mircopurchasing
137
First YouTube Video
April 2005
138
Who acquired YouTube?
Goole in 2006 for $1.6 bil
139
Bots
Subset of AI; software designed to automate things that you do
140
Artificial Intelligence
Intelligence exhibited by machines
141
Turing test
Is it indistinguishable from a human?
142
Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robots
1) A robot may not injure a human being
2) A robot must obey orders given to it by humans, unless rule 1
3) A robot must protect its own existence, unless rules 1 and 2
143
Virtual reality
Computer generated environment that lets you experience a different realistic images, sounds, and other sensations
144
Augmented reality
Live direct or indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics, or GPS data
145
Excitement from VR stemmed from
gaming community
146
VR Platforms
Google Cardboard; Samsung Gear; Oculus Rift; HTC Vive; Sony Playstation
147
Mediated Reality
view of reality modified by a computer
