MIDTERM-microscopic examination part 1

Question 1

significance of macroscopic screening test of color to micro

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

significance of macroscopic screening test of clarity to micro

Answer 2

hematuria versus hemoglobinuria/myoglobinuria

confirm pathologic or non pathologic cause of turbidity

Question 3

significance of macroscopic screening test of blood to microscopic examination

Answer 3

rbc, rbc casts

Question 4

significance of macroscopic screening test of protein to microscopic examination

Answer 4

casts, cells

Question 5

significance of macroscopic screening test of nitrite to microscopic examination

Answer 5

bacteria, wbc’s

Question 6

significance of macroscopic screening test of leukocyte esterase to microscopic examination

Answer 6

wbc, wbc casts, bacteria

Question 7

significance of macroscopic screening test of glucose to microscopic examination

Answer 7

possible presence of yeast

Question 8

The most frequently used stain in urinalysis is the
___ which consists of crystal violet and safranin O.

Answer 8

Sternheimer-Malbin stain q

Question 9

a urine sediment stain that Delineates structure and contrasting colors of
the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 9

Sternheimer-Malbin

Question 10

function of Sternheimer-Malbins stain in urine sediment

Answer 10

Identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts

Question 11

a urine sediment stain that Enhances nuclear detail

Answer 11

Toluidine blue

Question 12

function of Toluidine blue as a stain

Answer 12

Differentiates WBCs and renal tubular
epithelial (RTE) cells

Question 13

this urine sediment stain will Lyses RBCs and enhances nuclei of WBCs

Answer 13

2% acetic acid

Question 14

function of 2% acetic acid as a stain

Answer 14

Distinguishes RBCs from WBCs, yeast, oil
droplets, and crystals

Question 15

a urine sediment stain that Stains triglycerides and neutral fats orange-red
Do not stain cholesterol

Answer 15

Lipid stains: Oil Red
O and Sudan III

Question 16

function of Lipid stains: Oil Red
O and Sudan III as a stain

Answer 16

Identify free fat droplets and lipid-containing
cells and casts

Question 17

a urine sediment stain that Differentiates gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria

Answer 17

gram stain

Question 18

function of gram stain as a stain

Answer 18

Identifies bacterial casts

Question 19

a urine sediment stain that uses Methylene blue and eosin Y to stains eosinophilic
granules

Answer 19

Hansel stain

Question 20

function of Hansel stain as a stain

Answer 20

Identifies urinary eosinophils

Question 21

a urine sediment stain that Stains structures containing iron

Answer 21

Prussian blue stain

Question 22

function of prussian blue stain

Answer 22

Identifies yellow-brown granules of hemo
siderin in cells and casts

Question 23

the normal color of rbs if stained

Answer 23

Neutral—pink to purple

Question 24

normal color of rbc if unstained or acidic

Answer 24

pink

Question 25

normal color of rbc if alkaline

Answer 25

purple

Question 26

The ___ is used primarily in the microbiology section for the differentiation between gram-positive (blue) and gram negative (red) bacteria.

Answer 26

Gram stain

Question 27

Triglycerides and neutral fats stain ___ in the presence of lipid stains,

Answer 27

orange-red

Question 28

a METACHROMATIC STAIN, provides enhancement of nuclear detail. It can be useful in the differentiation between WBCs and renal tubular epithelial cells and is also used in the examination of cells from other body fluids.

Answer 28

0.5 % toluidine blue

Question 29

This method or stain cannot be used for initial sediment analysis because RBCs are lysed_

Answer 29

addition of 2% acetic acid

Question 30

The preferred stain for urinary eosinophils is __

Answer 30

Hansel stain

Question 31

To con firm that the granules are hemosiderin, the ___ for iron is used and stains the hemosiderin granules a blue color.

Answer 31

Prussian blue stain

Question 32

what is the stain used for cytodiagnostic urine testing which will provide additional method for detecting and monitoring renal diseases

Answer 32

Papanicolaou stain

Question 33

___ is frequently per formed INDEPENDENTLY of routine urinalysis for detection of MALIGNANCIES OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT.

Answer 33

Cytodiagnostic urine testing

Question 34

is the most common type of microscopy performed in the urinalysis laboratory

Answer 34

Bright-field microscopy

Question 35

A type of microscope that is Used for routine urinalysis

Answer 35

Bright-field microscopy

Question 36

Enhances visualization of elements with low refractive indices, such as hyaline casts, mixed cellular casts, mucous threads, and Trichomonas

Answer 36

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 37

Aids in identification of cholesterol in oval fat bodies, fatty casts, and crystals

Answer 37

Polarizing microscopy

Question 38

Aids in identification of Treponema pallidum

Answer 38

Dark-field microscopy

Question 39

Allows visualization of naturally fluorescent microorganisms or those stained by a fluorescent dye including labeled antigens and antibodies

Answer 39

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 40

Produces a three-dimensional microscopy image and layer by-layer imaging of a specimen

Answer 40

Interference contrast

Question 41

is accomplished by adaptation of a bright-field microscope with a phase-contrast objective lens and a matching condenser.

Answer 41

Phase-contrast microscopy

Question 42

The use of which type of microscopy aids in the identification of crystals and lipids

Answer 42

polarized light. polarizing microscopy

Question 43

in polarizing microscopy, both crystals and lipids have the ability to rotate the path of the unidirectional polarized light beam to produce ___ in crystals and ___formation in lipids.

Answer 43

characteristic colors; Maltese cross

Question 44

These elements (crystals and lipids) seen under polarized light microscopy are called _____, a property indicating that the element can refract light in two dimensions at 90 degrees to each other.

Answer 44

birefringent

Question 45

a microscopy that provides a three-dimensional image showing very fine structural detail by splitting the light ray so that the beams pass through different areas of the specimen.

Answer 45

Interference-contrast microscopy

Question 46

Two types of interference-contrast microscopy

Answer 46

modulation contrast (Hoffman) differential-interference contrast (Nomarski)

Question 47

is a technique used in the clinical lab oratory to enhance visualization of specimens that cannot be seen easily viewed with a bright-field microscope

Answer 47

dark field microscopy

Question 48

It is often used for unstained specimens, and, in particular, to identify the spirochete Treponema pallidum.

Answer 48

dark field microscopy

Question 49

It is used to detect bacteria and viruses within cells and tissues through a technique called immunofluorescence.

Answer 49

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 50

____is the property by which some atoms absorb light at a particular wavelength and subsequently emit light of a longer wavelength, termed fluorescence lifetime.

Answer 50

Fluorescence

Question 51

is a rapidly expanding technique used in the medical field today.

Answer 51

Fluorescence microscopy