midterm practical Flashcards
1
Q
sagittal slice
A
dividing into left and right portions
2
Q
coronal slice
A
dividing into front and back portions
3
Q
horizontal slice (transverse slice)
A
dividing into top and bottom portions
4
Q
atlas
A
first vertebrae
5
Q
axis
A
second vertebrae
6
Q
transverse process vertebrae
A
lateral pointing extensions
7
Q
spinous process vertebrae
A
medial wing shaped extensions
8
Q
cervical vertebrae
A
neck area
-7 total
9
Q
thoracic vertebrae
A
12 total
-chest/middle portion
10
Q
lumbar vertebrae
A
5 total
-lower back
11
Q
sacral vertebrae
A
1 total
-5 fused bones
12
Q
coccygeal vertebrae
A
1 total
-4 fused bones
13
Q
main skull bones
A
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid
14
Q
frontal bone
A
front of head
15
Q
parietal bone
A
top/back side bone
-split
16
Q
temporal bone
A
bottom side bone
-split
17
Q
occipital bone
A
back of head
18
Q
sphenoid bone
A
greater wing in front of temporal bone
-spans within the inside of the skull
19
Q
ethmoid bone
A
in front of sphenoid bone
-near eye duct
21
Q
maxilla bone
A
upper lip bone
21
Q
mandible bone
A
jaw bone
22
Q
zygomatic bone
A
cheek bone
23
Q
nasal bone
A
nose bone
24
Q
lacrimal bone
A
tear duct area
-in front of ethmoid bone
25
styloid process
near mandible, process coming below temporal bone
26
mastoid process
bigger process between occipital and temporal bone
27
foramen magnum
middle/posterior central hole for spinal cord
28
jugular foramen
lateral to foramen magnum
-below ridge
29
superior orbital fissure
posterior side of sphenoid bone
30
posterior cranial fossa
sections where cerebellum can fit into
31
middle cranial fossa
area within the middle where temporal lobes can sit in
32
anterior cranial fossa
front section where frontal and ocipital structures can sit in
33
optic canal
bottom medial part of spehnoid bone
34
foramen ovale
oval shaped hole inferior to sphenoid bone
35
foramen spinosum
lateral hole to ovale
-smaller in size
36
foramen lacerum (carotid canal)
right off midline and below sphenoid bone
37
clivius
"slide" just anterior to foramen magnum
38
4 divisions of the temporal bone
squamous, mastoid, petrous, and tympanic portion
39
squamous portion
big portion of bone
-lateral and medial view
40
mastoid portion
area where connected to mastoid region
41
petrous portion
medial view
-by petrous spex
42
tympanic portion
houses external acoustic meatus
-lateral view
43
zygomatic process
bony portion leaving the bone itself
44
mandibular fossa
below zygomatic process, area for mandible
45
tympanic area
area for anything auditory
46
external acoustic meatus
opening for internal auditory systems
-lateral view
47
mastoid foramen
small hole on mastoid portion
-lateral and medial view
48
petrous apex
end angle of petrous portion
-medial view
49
groove for sigmoid sinus
area on mastoid portion but just below petrous portion
-medial view
50
internal acoustic meatus
opening on petrous portion
-medial portion
51
clavicle
collarbone
52
scapula
shoulder blade
53
sternum
breast bone
-manubrium, gladiolus/body, xiphoid process
54
manubrium of sternum
top portion
55
gladiolus/body of the sternum
long center body
56
xiphoid process of the sternum
bottom of the body, little protuberance
57
ribs
7 pairs of true, 5 pairs of false (2 being floating)
58
humerus
upper arm bone
59
ulna
medial lower arm bone
60
radius
lateral lower arm bone
61
femur
thigh bone
62
fibula
lateral, smaller lower leg bone
63
tibia
medial, bigger, lower leg bone
64
patella
kneecap bone
65
hip bone
two hip bones
66
calcaneus
heel bone
67
tarsals
ankel bones
68
metatarsals
foot/ankle bones
-5 in each foot
69
phalanges of foot
toes
-14 in each foot
70
phalanges of hand
fingers
-14 in each hand
71
metacaprals
finger/hand bones
-5 in each hand
72
carpals
wrist
73
middle ear bone
malleus, incus, and stapes
74
malleus
closest to membrane
75
incus
lever with malleus
76
stapes
pushed on by incus, closest to internal ear
77
temporalis
covers temporal bone
78
frontalis
covers frontal bone to eye area
79
orbicularis oculi
round muscle around eye
80
masseter
up and down muscle of cheek
81
buccinator
lateral to medial cheek muscle
82
orbicularis oris
round muscle around mouth
83
platysma
jaw to neck muscle
84
sternocleidomastoid
side of head to clavicle
85
lateral rectus
lateral eye muscle
86
medial rectus
medial eye muscle
87
superior rectus
superior eye muscle
88
inferior rectus
inferior eye muscle
89
superior oblique
superior, internal to medial eye muscle
90
inferior oblique
inferior lateral to medial eye muscle
91
CN 1
on olfactory bulb/tract
92
CN 2
on optic foramen
-thalamus
93
CN 3
superior orbital fissure
-midbrain
94
CN 4
superior orbital fissure
-midbrain
95
CN 5
pons
96
CN 6
pons
-more medial
97
CN 7
pons
-inferior on this area
98
CN 8
medulla
-superior portion of this
99
CN 9
medulla
-middle portion
100
CN 10
medulla
-middle of 3 peduncles
101
CN 11
medulla
-inferior of 3 peduncles
102
CN 12
medulla
-medial middle portion
103
spinal cord
comes out of brainstem, goes down throughout vertebral column
104
brachial plexus
network of nerves in shoulder
105
cervical enlargement
widened area of upper cord
106
lumbosacral plexus
network of lower spinal nerves
-adjacent to lumbar spine
107
lumbar enlargement
widened area of lower cord
108
mixed spinal nerve
motor and sensory information
-comes out around their coordinating vertebrae
109
cauda equina
lower portion of vertebral column
-loose fibers
110
conus medularis
end of spinal cord
-around L1 level
111
filum terminale
anchor at the bottom of the cauda equina
112
brain lobes
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic and insula
113
longitudinal fissure
divides hemispheres
114
central sulcus
separates frontal and parietal lobe
115
lateral (sylvian) sulcus
separates temporal and frontal lobe
116
superior temporal sulcus
top sulcus within the temporal lobe
117
inferior temporal sulcus
bottom sulcus within the temporal lobe
118
precentral gyrus
in front of central sulcus
119
postcentral gyrus
behind the central sulcus
120
superior temporal gyrus
top portion of temporal lobe
121
middle temporal gyrus
middle portion of temporal lobe
122
inferior temporal gyrus
bottom portion of the temporal lobe
123
transverse temporal gyri (Heschl's)
transverse portion of superior temporal gyrus
-lateral to medial gyrus
124
planum temporale
superior temporal gyrus, posterior to heschl's gyrus
125
angular gyrus
posterior end of superior temporal gyrus
126
supramarginal gyrus
above the lateral sulcus
127
dura mater
closes to skull level
128
arachnoid mater
between pia and dura mater
129
pia mater
closest to brain tissue
130
falx cerebri
small fold within dura mater around corpus callosum
131
tentorium cerebelli
dura mater that separates occipital and temporal lobes
132
M1
precentral gyrus
-frontal lobe
133
S1
postcentral gyrus
-parietal lobe
134
A1
superior temporal gyrus
-temporal lobe
135
V1
back of occipital lobe
136
broca's area
frontal lobe, inferior location
137
wernicke's area
posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus
138
brainstem structures
midbrain, pons, medulla
139
midbrain
top of the brainstem
- closest to hypothalamus
140
pons
middle portion of midbrain
141
medulla
bottom portion of brainstem
-connects to spinal cord
142
opercula
frontal, parietal, and temporal operculum
-covers the insula lobe
143
choroid plexus in ventricles
within pia layer and lines ventricles
144
cerebellum
two ball like shapes on posterior side of brainstem
145
vermis
medial portion of cerebellum
-connects the two sides
146
nodules
anterior end of vermis
-against 4th ventricle
147
flocculus
undersurface of cerebellum
148
tonsil
rounded surface on undersurface
-on back hanging down
149
arbor vitae
the branching of nerve tissue
150
corpus callosum
"c" shaped strucure
-sagittal cut of brain
151
rostrum
anterior portion of corpus callosum
152
genu
superior of the rostrum
153
trunk
superior portion after genu
154
sulcus
posterior to trunk
155
splenium
most posterior portion or corpus callosum
156
lateral ventricles
wraps around the thalamus
-deep in cerebrum
-inferior view
157
third ventricle
below the corpus callosum and below of lateral ventricles
158
interthalamic adhesion
area of connection between two thalami
159
cerebral aqueduct
back portion of midbrain
-runs downs
160
fourth ventricle
posterior to pons and medulla
161
septum pellucidum
space inside the corpus callosum
162
thalamus (diencephalon)
above the brainstem
163
hypothalamus
most inferior portion of thalamus
164
internal capsul
above midbrain/thalamus
165
anterior commissure
anterior end of corpus callosum
166
posterior commissure
posterior side of midbrain
167
cerebellar peducnles
lateral body surface of the pons
-superior, middle, and inferior
168
cerebral peduncle
lateral side of midbrain
169
weber tuning fork test
ring the tuning fork and place on the center of the forehead. ask the patient if they heard it equally in both ears or if it was louder in one.
170
results of the weber test
tone was heard equally - normal
tone was louder in poorer ear - conductive
tone louder in better ear - SNHL
171
bing tuning fork test
ring the tuning fork, apply on mastoid with ear canal open then push on tragus to cover the opening (patient can do this or you can)
172
schwabach tuning fork test
ring the tuning fork, apply to mastoid process and instruct the patient to inform you when they can no longer hear the sound
-comparing to the length of when you hear it
173
results of a schwabach test
patient and examiner hear it for the same length - normal
patient hears tone longer than examiner - conductive
patient hears tone shorter than examiner - SNHl
174
rinne tuning fork test
ring the tuning fork, place on mastoid bone and instruct patient to let you know when it is no longer hear. move fork to ear canal opening and see if the sound can be heard at ear canal
175
fornix
-"mini corpus callosum"
176
results of bing test
tune is louder when it is occluded - normal
tune does not sound louder when ear is occluded - conductive
tune sounds louder with occlusion - SNHL
177
results of the rinne test
louder at ear - normal
louder on mastoid - conductive
louder at ear - SNHL
178
superior colliculi
top 2 bumps on posterior side of midbrain
179
inferior colliculi
bottom 2 bumps on posterior side of the midbrain
