Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUDE 5160 > vestibular anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

vestibular anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

vestibular pathway

A

8VVCROSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

8VVCROSS

A

CN 8, vestibular nucleus ipsilateral, vestibular nucellus contralateral, cerebellum, reticular formation, occular muscles via CN 3/4/6, spinal cord, and superior sylvian sulcus/S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 areas that control our balance

A

visual, somatosensory (proprioception), and vestibular senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what area helps with dynamic body stability

A

vestibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what area helps with standing balance

A

proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

outer wall of peripheral vestibular system

A

bony labyrinth
-filled with perilymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

inner bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth
-filled with endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5 sensory organs housed within each membranous labyrinth

A

utricle macula, saccule macula, and three cristae ampulla’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vestibular nerve

A

portion of CN 8
-superior and inferior portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superior vestibular nerve (SVN) innervates …

A

lateral (horizontal) ampullary nerve, superior (anterior) ampullary nerve, and utricle nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

inferior vestibular nerve (IVN) innervates ….

A

saccule nerve and posterior ampullary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

crista ampulla

A

seen at the end of the canals
-one for each SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cupula

A

accessory structure that assists the sterocillia to move as a result of fluid movement
-sensitive to motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

maculae

A

seen within the utricle and saccule
-contains otolithic membrane, otoliths, and supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

otolithic membrane

A

when gravity pulls it, it bends and shears the sterocilia
-“jell-o”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vestibular hair cell types

A

type 1 : flask shaped with large nerve chalice (similar to IHC)
-afferent function
type 2 : cylindrical (similar to OHC)
-efferent function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

utricle

A

plays a role in postural control and primarily sense changes in orientation with respect to gravity
-closest to SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

saccule

A

believed to register vertical movements, so therefore oriented to the vertical plane
-closest to cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

otoconia

A

layers of calcium carbonate crystals within the otoconial membrane (macula)
-ear dust or ear crystals
-calcium carbonate mixed with a protein mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of otoconia

A

-any movement relative to support structures results in stimulation of sensory cells
-their density allows the utricle to respond transiently to linear acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is just below the otoconia

A

otolithic membrane
-remember this bends and shears the sterocilia

22
Q

what causes otoconia to lag

A

density and weight
-after several seconds of linear movement, they will catch up

23
Q

striola

A

this is a imaginary line that is through the long axis of each maculae
-hair cells are organized around this

24
Q

how are the semicircular canals oriented

A

they are orthogonal
-right angles to each other

25
Q

what are the SCC responsible for

A

pitch, yaw, and roll

26
Q

pitch and SCC

A

shaking head yes

27
Q

yaw and SCC

A

shaking head no

28
Q

roll and SCC

A

tilting head to the side

29
Q

what type of acceleration is good for SCC

A

angular

30
Q

what are the sensory cells within the SCC

A

cristae
-housed within the ampullae

31
Q

organization of vestibular hair cells

A

one kinocilium and several sterocilia that are arranged in a stair step pattern

32
Q

depolarization within a hair cell

A

movement that causes sterocilia to flow toward the kinocilium
-increase in electrical potential

33
Q

hyperpolarization within a hair cell

A

movement that causes sterocilia to flow away from kinocilium
-decrease in electrical potential

34
Q

excitatory direction of kinocilia within SCC

A

-towards utricle in horizontal canal
-not towards utricle within anterior and posterior canal

35
Q

explain the process that occurs if the head turns left

A

-when head turns to the left, the eyes will want to stay looking right
-fluid will go to the right
-fluid is going to hit and excit the left side and will inhibit the right side

36
Q

______ detect angular acceleration

A

ampullae

37
Q

_________ detect linear acceleration or gravitation pull

A

maculae

38
Q

vestibular nuclei divisions

A

superior, medial, lateral and inferior

39
Q

superior vestibular nuclei (SVN)

A

oculomotor control through nuclei of CN 3, 4, and 6
-VOR

40
Q

medial vestibular nuclei (MVN)

A

give rise to the medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST)
-reflex control of neck movement
-VOR
-coordination of head and eye movements to maintain a stable gaze while the head is moving

41
Q

lateral vestibular nuclei (LVN)

A

gives rise to lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST)
-facilitates antigravity muscles (upper extremity flexors and lower extremity extensors)

42
Q

inferior vestibular nuclei (IVN)

A

functions to integrate peripheral input (from right and left) with input from the cerebellum

43
Q

direction of 8VVCROSS

A

comes in from CN 8 and synapsed on all vestibular nuclei, this is followed by :
-some signals going to cerebellum
-some will cross to contralateral side of VN
-some will go down the spinal cord
-some will go to the eyes and cortex
-in other words, there will be outward, downward and upward at the same time

44
Q

within the spinal cord, the _______ side is sensory information

A

dorsal

45
Q

within the spinal cord, the ________ side is motor information

A

ventral
-this is where the MLF and LVST will go down on

46
Q

what is VOR

A

vestibulo-ocular reflex
-helps maintain a stable visual image on the reitna while the head is moving
-LR6 SO4 and all the rest are three

47
Q

how does VOR work

A

-head turning to left, eyes to right
-bone has to go to the left and fluid that is inside will go opposite direction
-stimulating hair cells because of the axis and it is going to send an excitatory signal to MVN and SVN
-exciting left canal
-goes through medial longitudinal fascicules
-ipsi CN 3 and contra CN 6 will be activated
-those nuclei’s will lead to eye muscles that will orient the eyes

48
Q

nystagmus

A

VOR being activated when it shouldn’t be activated
-rhythmic eye movement or beating of the eyes in one direction

49
Q

what eye muscles are associated with anterior semicircular canal

A

superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and superior oblique

50
Q

what eye muscles are associated with posterior semicircular canal

A

superior oblique, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, and superior rectus

51
Q

what eye muscles are associated with lateral semicircular canal

A

medial rectus and lateral rectus

52
Q

how do semicircular canal’s pair

A

anterior with contralateral posterior and lateral with lateral

AUDE 5160 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions