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AUDE 5160 > outer ear > Flashcards

outer ear Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

structures of the outer ear

A

pinna (auricle), external auditory meatus (canal), and ends at the tympanic membrane

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2
Q

physiological aspect of the outer ear

A

conductive mechanism

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3
Q

how is the skin of the ear related to the skin on our body

A

skin is continuous with the skin covering the body

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4
Q

pinna

A

outside part of the ear (auricle)

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5
Q

lobule

A

lobe of ear

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6
Q

tragus

A

nub that stands out in front of canal

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7
Q

intertragal notch

A

notch under the tragus

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8
Q

antitragus

A

back side of ear, opposite of intertragal notch

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9
Q

concha

A

area within ear before going into the canal

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10
Q

cavum

A

“cave” going into the canal

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11
Q

cymba

A

top tuck above the concha

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12
Q

helix

A

back rim that goes around the pinna

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13
Q

crus of helix

A

arm of the helix

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14
Q

antihelix

A

little rim inside of the concha

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15
Q

crural of antihelix

A

two smaller arm reaching out to the helix on the top part of the ear

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16
Q

triangular fossa

A

in between crural of antihelix

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17
Q

scaphoid fossa

A

between helix and antihelix

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18
Q

tubercle

A

little bump on helix
-not very prominent for some people

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19
Q

nervous supply to outer ear

A

-great auricular nerve (C2 and C3)
-lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3)

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20
Q

external auditory canal (external auditory meatus)

A

tube like channel of the external ear extending from the pinna to the tympanic membrane
-more oval shaped

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21
Q

average length of the external ear canal

A

2.5 cm length
-25 mm

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22
Q

average length of the canal in females

A

28 mm

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23
Q

average canal length in males

24
Q

outer half of the external auditory canal

Study These Flashcards
A

supported by cartilage, thin skin with dermal papillae
-cartilaginous

25
inner half of the external auditory canal
supported by bone, small hairs and glands along upper wall only -bony
26
how many curves does the canal have
2
27
isthmus
narrowest portion of the canal
28
fissures of santorini
where cartilage is ending and bone begins -potential infection path
29
how is the fissure of santorini a potential pathway for infection
because the cartilage is not continuous
30
physiology of the external auditory canal
protective function -achieved by anatomy (angled direction)
31
what part of the external ear canal is longer?
the floor/inferior wall in longer than the ceiling/superior wall
32
cerumen
ear wax
33
how is cerumen produced?
ceruminous glands -modified apocrine sweat glands with combination of sebaceous glands
34
what is epithelial migration
within a normal ear canal, the surface of the skin moves laterally from the medial end to the lateral end -purpose is to keep the canal free of debris
35
what is the purpose of cerumen
lubricates, protects, and provides moisture -natural -antibacterial and anti-fungal properties
36
biochemistry of cerumen
mixture of lipids, proteins, aminos acids, and mineral ions
37
properties of canal hairs
-short hair -medial hairs lay at a angle -lateral hairs are more upright
38
cranial nerve innervation of the outer ear
trigeminal, facial, and vagus (5, 7, 10)
39
what branch of the trigeminal nerve
auriculotemporal branch of mandibular division of CN 5
40
what branch of the facial nerve
posterior auricular branch of CN 7
41
what branch of the vagus nerve
auricular branch of CN 10 (arnold's nerve)
42
vagus reflex
may be evoked during insertion of an otoblock used in making earmold impressions, cerumen management, and rarely with hearing aids -arnold's nerve or ear-cough reflex
43
what can the vagus reflex cause
cough reflex, sneezing, gagging, vomiting, syncope, cardiac depression, dizziness
44
non-acoustic occlusion effect
making a plugged up feeling -nerve and tissue are swelling up which makes this feeling
45
trigeminal reflex
can cause excessive vascularization and thickening of the TM during otoscopy, otoblock insertion, and during hearing aid wearing -red reflex
46
lymphatic reflex
slow reflex which may result from over wearing of hearing aids during the adaptation period -might need to slow into full time hearing aid wearing
47
sound pressure gain
external ear can be considered a passive amplifier that increases the sound pressure level at the eardrum compared to the SPL in the air outside the head
48
ear canal resonance
one lumped resonance based on sound pressure at various areas within the ear
49
how does the external auditory canal act as a resonator
it is a closed (on one end) tube resonator
50
fundamental frequency for the resonance
will be 1/4 of the wavelength when it is closed at one end -what length it will resonant the best at
51
effects of the ear canal and resonance
the resonant frequency is based on the tube length -considered to be a tube that is closed on one end -average ear canal has a resonant frequency of around 3000 Hz
52
effects of the ear canal and pinna combined on resonance
causes a slightly different sound pressure curve -concha serves as a end correction and lowers the resonant frequency to around 2700 (17 dB) Hz -produces a composite curve with two peaks (2700 and 5000 Hz)
53
inverse square law
as the energy spreads out from the source, it will cover more area and each block will be 1/4th the intensity -larger receiver will pick up more energy
54
more medial canal hairs lie ______ , more lateral canal hairs lie _______
flat, oblique
55
what do the bends in the canal do
reduce occlusion effects

AUDE 5160 (23 decks)

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